Globalization of Economy and Changes of Gender Regimes in Asia

自1997年东亚经济危机以来，经济全球化进程迅速加快，就业非正规化和具有不同于传统贫困特征的“新贫困”在亚洲各地区迅速扩大。因此，这加深了这些地区的“社会排斥”。本研究的目的是从社会性别的角度对日本、韩国、中国南方、泰国、孟加拉国和土耳其等受影响地区的“社会排斥”的实际状况和结构进行比较分析。2004年，我们主要集中在制定共同的分析框架，对就业制度、福利制度、在此基础上，2005年在研究的每个地区开展了实地工作。具体而言，我们在“生活保障制度”的综合分析框架下，从性别视角对“劳动力市场结构”、家庭政策、社会救助政策、税收制度、养老金制度、生活结构和劳资关系的变化进行了比较分析。特别是，我们试图通过调查不受法律和正式制度控制的经济活动中的“非正式性”的实际水平来描述研究中每个地区各种形式的“社会排斥”的特征。这项研究的结果在2005年妇女世界：在韩国首尔举行的第9届国际妇女跨学科大会上发表<th>（2005年6月19日至24日）和在日本山口举行的东亚国际人民研讨会（2006年2月22日），以促进区域一级的两性平等并寻求与亚洲人民的团结。在山口县，我们希望与地区社区分享这项联合研究的成果和知识。

Since the economic crisis in East Asia in 1997, the globalization of the economy has accelerated rapidly, and the casualization of employment and ‘new poverty' which has different characteristics from traditional poverty, have expanded rapidly in regions all over the Asia. As a result, this has deepened the ‘social exclusion' in these regions. The purpose of this research is to clarify and analyze comparatively the actual situation and the structure of ‘social exclusion' in the affected regions being studied, namely, Japan, Korea, Southern China, Thailand, Bangladesh, and Turkey from a gender perspective.In 2004, we concentrated mainly on formulating the common analytic framework to study comprehensively the employment system, the welfare system, and social policies in the regions being studied from a gender perspective.On this basis, field work was conducted in every region of the study in 2005. To be precise, we analyzed comparatively the changes of the structure of the labor market of ‘casualization'', family policies, social assistance policies, the taxation system, the pension system, the structure of living and the industrial relations in the comprehensive analytic framework of 'the livelihood security system' from a gender perspective. In particular, we tried to describe the characteristics of various forms of ‘social exclusion' in every region of the study by investigating the actual levels of ‘informality' in economic activities which are not controlled by the law and the formal system.The results of this research were presented at Women's Worlds 2005 : 9^<th> International Interdisciplinary Congress on Women in Seoul, Korea (June 19 to 24,2005) and the East Asian International People's Symposium held in Yamaguchi, Japan (February 22,2006) to promote gender equality at a regional level and to seek solidarity with Asian people. In Yamaguchi, we would like to share the results and knowledge obtained by this joint research with the regional communities.