Sociological Analysis on Parental Strategies and the Education Market stratification, publicness, privatization

本研究利用2006年11月在日本对有学龄前、小学和初中子女的父母进行的访谈和问卷调查的数据，探讨了父母策略与班级亲密关系之间的关系。本文从社会分层、公共性、私营化等方面探讨了家长有意/无意的策略，考察了家长对孩子的照顾和教育、学校选择、日常育儿实践、自己的生活方式以及他们对最近教育改革的看法。这项研究的主要动机是社会学对社会阶层和教育的关注。“策略”的概念来源于P. Bourdieu的框架，该框架使用“策略”一词来描述阶级、习惯和实践之间的关系。本文从信任、性别、焦虑、父母期望、教育成本等角度对数据进行了分析，揭示了当代日本家庭如何通过教育策略将自己与家庭社会经济地位联系起来。照顾和教育孩子是他们在性格和实践上区别于他人的关键时刻。研究发现：第一，父母文化资本对父母教养策略有较大影响。面对经济全球化，日本的一些家长不再信任公立学校制度。一些基于新自由主义的国家政策和教育改革也推动了这种趋势。其次，父母资本的某些方面——社会、情感、经济、文化之间存在一些关系。因此，更高阶层的家庭更重视孩子的教育。父母的阶级地位越高，他们的孩子去补习班的可能性就越大。比起下层阶级，他们更不可能信任公立学校。高阶层家庭可以选择私立学校，而低阶层家庭则不能。因此，根据父母对学校的选择，班级亲密度会越来越强。少

This study examines the relationships between parental strategies and class closeness, by using data from the interviews and questionnaires to parents having preschool, primary or junior high school children - conducted in Japan in November 2006.This paper focuses on parental intentional/ unintentional strategies in terms of social stratification, publicness, privatization, examining parental views on care and education of their child, school choice, daily childrearing practices, their own life style, and their opinions to recent educational reforms.This study is largely motivated by sociological concerns about social class and education. The concept of 'strategies' is drawn from P. Bourdieu's framework, which use the term 'strategies' to describe relationships between class, habitus, and practice.Examining the data from the point of view such as trust, gender, anxiety, parental aspirations, educational cost and so on, analysis included here show how contemporary families in Japan segr … More egate or divide themselves relating to family socio-economic status through their educational strategies. Care and education of their children are critical moments for them to distinguish themselves from others, in terms of both dispositions and practices.We suggest as follows :First, parents' cultural capital has large influences on their parental strategies. Facing economical globalization, some parents in Japan no longer give their trust to the public school system. Such trends are also enabled by some state policy and educational reforms based on neo-liberalism.Second, there are some relationships between parents' some aspect of capital -social, emotional, economic, cultural. Therefore higher class families take their children's education more seriously. The higher the parent's class status, the more likely their children go to cram school. They are unlikely to trust public school than lower class. Higher class families can choose private schools while lower class families cannot do so. So class closeness grows stronger according to parental school choice. Less