Vertical Integration and Separation of Firms for Regulation and Competition

我们的研究考虑了两个问题：（1）关于垂直整合和垂直分离的监管改革和竞争政策，（2）铁路行业的垂直分离。关于第一个问题，我们从交易费用经济学和关系契约的观点，特别对（i）适合于促进竞争和投资的日本新产业组织和（ii）反垄断法的交易义务进行了研究。在第二个问题上，我们考察了欧盟扩大后罗马尼亚铁路的自由化、罗马尼亚铁路的效率、英国铁路的管制和效率、日本废弃铁路线对地区经济的影响等，指出了纵向分离是促进各网络产业竞争和必要投资的有效手段。而日本网络产业民营化过程中没有采用垂直分离的方式，因此竞争在日本的作用不如欧盟国家。本文还考察了英国和罗马尼亚铁路行业的纵向分离，在这两个国家，纵向分离是可行的。对英国和罗马尼亚铁路纵向分离的历史和存在的问题进行了总结，并对私有化后的生产效率进行了定量研究。最后，以日本北方岛屿北海道为例，对废弃铁路的经济效果进行了研究，并出版了《竞争：战略与政策》和《企业与公共政策的微观经济学导论》两本书。

Our researches considered two issues: (1) regulatory reform and competition policy regarding vertical integration and vertical separation, and (2) vertical separation of railway industry. On the first issue, we carried out, in particular, the research on (i)a new industrial organization of Japan which is suitable to induce more competition and investment, and (ii) the duty to deal of anti-trust law from the viewpoint of transaction cost economics and relational contracting. On the second issue, we investigated (i) liberalization of Romanian railways under enlargement of EU, (ii) efficiency of Romanian railways, (iii) regulation and efficiency of the UK railways, and (iv) the effect of disused train lines on the regional economy in Japan.We have pointed out that the vertical separation can be effective means to induce more competition and necassary investment of the various network industries, whereas vertical separation has not been employed in the privatization of Japanese network industries, and so the competition work less in Japan than in EU countries. We also scrutinized the vertical separation of railway industry of UK and Romania where vertical separation works. We gave the summary of the history of vertical separation and current problems of railways in UK and Romania, and also did quantitative research of production efficiency after privatization. Finally, we did a case study of the economic effect of disused train lines in Hokkaido, the northern island of Japan.Furthermore, we published two books "Competition: Strategy and Policy" and "Introduction to Microeconomics for Business and Public Policy," based on our research efforts.