Economic Policy of Horizontal Competition Restraint

限制同业竞争的经济政策

基本信息

批准号：
13630060
负责人：
YANAGAWA Takashi
金额：
$ 2.18万
依托单位：
Kobe University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Our major research topics are : (1) the effect of surcharge on the cartel deterrence, and study of the desirable surcharge system. (2) worldwide market concentration of major industries due to the market globalization, and (3) the effect of the various corporate strategies on the market concentration and economic welfare.As for (1), we analyzed theoretically the effect of various surcharge bases and surcharge rates on the cartel deterrence and economic welfare. We conclude that the surcharge system based on damages is preferred in the sense that it can increase output of a cartel.As for (2), we find that the concentration ratios of major industries are not increasing so rapidly recently when we see the concentration trends after 1980s, even though we have seen many mergers and acquisitions since the late 1990s. However, we find that the mergers and acquisitions, and many types of coalitions raise the concentration ratios calculated by groups of firms.As for (3), we consider the problems of consolidation of Japan Airlines and Japan Air System from the viewpoint of competition policy. We point out that the more slots for departing and landing should have been returned for encouraging new entry, that a duopoly of equally competitive airlines after merger may be easier to collude than oligopoly which consists of one dominant firm and two fringes, and that competition might be restricted on the routes where the super express trains are not good substitutes for passengers. Also we consider intervention in airfares of Japan Fair Trade Commission after the de-regulation. We conclude that intervening in airfares was necessary to stop predation and keep long-run competition in the market, but price-cost relationship should have been analyzed, and length and the order of price-cut should have been specified.

我们的主要研究主题是：（1）附加费对卡特尔威慑的影响以及对所需附加费系统的研究。（2）由于市场全球化引起的主要行业的全球市场集中度，以及（3）各种公司战略对市场集中和经济福利的影响。作为（1），我们从理论上分析了各种附加费和附加费对卡特尔威慑和经济福利的影响。我们得出的结论是，基于损害的附加费系统可以增加卡特尔的产出，因为（2）我们发现，即使我们在1990年代后期我们看到了许多合并和收购，主要行业的浓度比最近并没有如此迅速地增加。但是，我们发现合并和收购以及许多类型的联盟提高了由公司群体计算出的集中率。我们指出，要鼓励新的入境，应该退出和着陆的位置更多，与合并后同样具有竞争力的航空公司的双重垄断可能比寡头更容易串通，该寡头垄断由一个主导的公司和两个条纹组成，并且该竞争可能受到超级快速列车的路线的限制。同样，我们考虑干预日本公平贸易委员会的干预。我们得出的结论是，在机票中进行干预是为了停止捕食并保持在市场上的长期竞争，但是应该已经分析了价格成本的关系，并且应该已经指定了价格和价格较低的订单。