An investigation on the association of cognitive information processing within the process of perceptual-motor process by analyzing the cortical root of perceptual information transmission

为了理解实现特定运动任务目标的机制，了解感知信息在组织运动过程中如何发挥作用是至关重要的。本研究研究了两个感知运动任务：1)用捏握法到达视觉目标并抓住它；2)用捏握法估计视觉目标的大小并产生估计的大小。这些任务运动是针对一个简单的圆形物体以及由其他五个圆圈包围的同一圆形物体产生的，这诱发了艾宾浩斯错觉，从而研究了认知信息加工与视觉运动组织过程的联系。为此，利用脑电图分析任务执行过程中大脑皮层的激活模式。10名受试者自愿完成手抓动作和匹配动作，其脑皮层活动由64通道脑电图记录系统记录，并通过测角仪记录抓握动作的关节偏移。从事件相关同步或去同步（ERS/ERD）的角度分析脑电的频域，将其分别视为皮层的兴奋和失活/抑制。在这两项知觉运动任务中，针对目标物体的相同视觉刺激产生了相同的手指关节运动。这反映在皮层部位（视觉区和体感运动区）观察到的ERS，它们与处理视觉信息和产生运动有关。此外，在伸手-抓握任务中，枕-顶叶区也观察到ERS。根据背侧和腹侧两种视觉流的假设，在匹配任务的执行过程中，参与了对目标物体大小的估计的认知信息处理，而不是手握任务。因此，手握任务中的ERS暗示了与认知活动相关的皮层抑制信息加工的过程。本研究结果于2007年8月在巴西桑托斯举行的运动控制领域国际会议上报告，并提交给运动控制和脑电图研究国际期刊。少

For understanding the mechanism of achieving a given motor task goal, it is critical to know how perceptual information plays a role in the process of organizing a movement. The present study investigated two perceptual-motor tasks: 1) reaching to a visual target and grasping it with a pinch grip, and 2) estimating the size of the visual target and producing the estimated size with the aperture of a pinch grip. These task movements were produced with respect to a simple circular object as well as to the same circular object surrounded by other five circles, which induces the Ebbinghaus illusion, and thereby the association of cognitive information processing with the visuo-motor organization process was examined. To this end, EEG was used to analyze the cortical activation pattern during the task execution. Ten participants volunteered and performed the reaching-grasping and the matching tasks, and their cortical activities were recoded by a 64-channel EEG recording system together wit … More h the joint excursions of the pinch grip motion by a Goniometer. The frequency domain of EEG was analyzed in terms of event-related synchronization or desynchronization (ERS/ERD), which are regarded as the cortical excitation and deactivation/inhibition respectively. For both of the two perceptual-motor tasks, the same 'finger joint motion was produced with respect t to the same visual stimulus of the target object. This was reflected by ERS observed in the cortical sites (the visual area and the somatosensory-motor areas), which associate with processing visual information and producing movements. Furthermore, ERS in the occipito-parietal area was observed in the reaching-grasping task. According to the hypothesis of the two visual streams, the dorsal and the ventral streams, cognitive information processing about estimating the size of the target object was involved in the execution of the matching task as opposed to the reaching-grasping task. Therefore the ERS in the reaching-grasping task imply the cortical process of inhibiting information processing associated with the cognitive activity. The findings in the present study was reported at the international conference in the field of motor control in Santos, Brazil, held in August, 2007, and the paper was submitted to an international journal on studies on motor control and EEG. Less