Protection of information goods and free use: Constitutional analysis on the preliminary injunction of copyright law

数字化和网络技术的发展彻底改变了我们在模拟时代所习以为常的信息交易的景象。一方面，我们可以轻松地获取、创建和传播信息。另一方面，数字技术可以结合技术保护措施和合同来控制信息的自由流动。此外，权利人还试图延长著作权的期限，并以分担责任原则等为由起诉中介机构。在这方面，著作权保护力度比以往更大。我们正处于着作权两种截然不同的观点趋同的时代，本课题从著作权法预备禁令的宪法分析角度，对信息产品的保护和自由使用进行了研究。最近，人们普遍认为，版权保护是宪法框架内的事前限制的“神圣领域”，一些人开始怀疑这是否合理。我们试图结合法学和经济学的方法论进行分析，试图从宪法的角度对诽谤和隐私权保护进行比较分析。从知识产权的角度，我们的研究涵盖了版权限制和例外(在美国的合理使用)、技术保护措施对表达自由的寒蝉效应以及版权限制的合同可覆盖性等领域。版权法律是商法的一部分。因此，我们应尽量从“中立”的角度，仔细研究监管架构，以免影响市场上的商业活动。在什么情况下应该采用非强制征收制度，这是贯穿整个项目的一个非常重要的问题。最后，我们试图从这两个角度来综合研究。

The development of digitization and network technology has totally changed the scenery of information transactions whet we had taken for granted in the analog era. On the one hand, we can access, create and disseminate information easily. On the other hand, digital technology can control free flow of information combining the technological protection measures and contracts. Also, the right holders tried to extend the duration of copyright and sued intermediaries based upon the doctrine of contributory liabilities, etc. In this regard, copyright protection is getting stronger than before. We are in the era in which two completely different views toward copyright converges.In this project, we made a research of protection of information goods and free use from the perspective of constitutional analysis on the preliminary injunction of copyright law. Recently it is widely acknowledged that copyright protection is the "sacred area" of prior restraint within the framework of constitutional law, and some people begin to wonder whether it is justifiable. We tried to analyze combining the methodology of law and economics.From the constitutional point of view, we tried to make an analysis comparing with defamation and privacy protection. From an intellectual property perspective, our research encompasses the area of copyright limitations and exceptions (fair use in U. S. context), chilling effect of the technological protection measures on freedom of expression, and contractual overridability of copyright limitations, etc.Copyright law is a part of business laws. Therefore, we should carefully examine the regulatory framework not to affect the business activities in the market from the "neutrality" point of view as mush as possible. In what circumstances not injunctive relied bur levy system should be adopted is a very important question throughout the project. At the end, we tried to synthesize the research from the both perspectives.