Flaubert's Literature and Sciences of the 19th Century

《包法利夫人》的故事是以福楼拜的医学知识为基础的。此外，他的死后著作《布瓦德与佩歇特》揭示了19世纪自然科学的弱点，包括医学。福楼拜在科学飞速发展的过程中创作出了开创性的文学作品。《圣安托万的诱惑》中的“空间”场景被修改了三次。1849年和1856年的版本说明了他对笛卡儿二元论和斯宾诺莎一元论的承诺。在最后的版本中，他将启蒙运动前的神话宗教秩序视为“预言科学的艺术”。

The story of Madame Bovary is on the basis of Flaubert's medical knowledge. Furthermore, his posthumous work, Bouvard et Pecuchet reveals the weakness of the 19^<th>-Century natural science, including medicine. Flaubert, in the course of the quick development of sciences, produces path-breaking literature. The scene of "space" in La Tentation de Saint Antoine is revised three times. The 1849 and the 1856 editions illustrate his commitment to Descartes' dualism and Spinoza's monism. In the final version, he regards the mythological religious order before the Enlightenment as "the art predicting sciences".