Investigation regarding with the actual situation of passive smoking by using screening methob

背景：众所周知，怀孕期间吸烟的母亲的后代将来会变得肥胖。然而，这一风险因素是否独立于其他混杂因素仍是未知的。方法：对1,366名9~10岁的小学四年级儿童进行孕期吸烟与子代身体成分的横断面调查。所有儿童都接受了生活方式和被动吸烟测试。评价尿可替宁测定和生活方式筛选试验(体重、身长、体质量指数(BMI)、肥胖指数(OI)、肝功能和血脂检测、母亲吸烟和生活方式问卷)与母亲吸烟的关系。此外，尿8-羟基脱氧鸟苷…结果：孕期有吸烟母亲的儿童的体重指数和氧合指数均显著高于母亲不吸烟的儿童(体重指数：17.2±2.7 kg/m2 vs16.9±2.5 kg/m2，p=0.016，、OI：2.7±14.3%vs0.4±14.0%，p=0.003)。增加的程度与母亲吸烟年限呈正相关。BMI和OI的增加是由于体重增加和身高缩短所致。在混杂因素中，“与家人共进早餐”、“晚餐时看电视”、“睡前吃喝”、“看电视超过2小时”、“睡眠时间少于8小时”和“参加体育活动”具有统计学意义。孕期吸烟儿童的BMI和OI在各混杂因素中均显著升高。另一方面，在尿可替宁>1.3 ng/ml的儿童中，尿8-OHdG浓度与BMI呈负相关，可能与基础代谢有关。结论：母亲吸烟是孕期吸烟的儿童到9~10岁时BMI和OI增加的危险因素，可能不受其他混杂因素的影响。因此，所有达到怀孕年龄的年轻女性都不应该吸烟。较少

Background : It is well-known that the offspring from mother who smoked during pregnancy become to be obese in the future. However, whether this risk factor is independent of other confounding factors remains unknown. In this study, the cross-sectional assessment of relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and body composition of offspring who examined both life style and passive smoking screening tests.Methods : One thousand-three hundred and sixty-six elementary school children (male : female ratio 1.1:1.0, aged from 9 to 10 years old) of grade 4 were enrolled into this study. All children had both life style and passive smoking tests. Urinary cotinine measurement and items of life style screening test (body weight, body length, body mass index (BMI), obesity index (OI), blood test of liver function and lipid profile, questionnaires of maternal smoking and life style) were evaluated in terms of the relation with maternal smoking. In addition, urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguano … More sine (8-OHdG) concentration was measured in 80 children selected at random to assess the relation with oxidative stress.Results : Both BMI and OI were significantly increased in children with mother who smoked during pregnancy compared to children with the mother who never smoked (BMI : 17.2±2.7kg/m2 vs 16.9±2.5kg/m2, p=0.016、OI : 2.7±14.3% vs 0.4±14.0% , p=0.003). The degree of increment was positively correlated with the periods of maternal smoking. And the increments of BMI and OI were resulted from increased body weight and shortened height. In the confounding factors, "breakfast with family", "watching television at dinner", "eat and drink before sleep", "television watching more than 2 hours", "sleep duration less than 8 hours" and "play sports" were statistically significant. BMI and OI were significantly increased in children with maternal smoking during pregnancy in every confounding factor. On the other hand, urinary 8-OHdG concentration was negatively correlated with the BMI in children who had more than 1.3 ng/ml of urinary cotinine, and therefore, may be related with the basal metabolism.Conclusion : Maternal smoking is a risk factor of increasing BMI and OI when children whose mother smoked during pregnancy become to 9 to 10 years old, and may be independent of other confounding factors. Therefore, all of young females who reach to age of pregnancy should not smoke. Less