Mathematical formulation of bioheat transfer based on the volume averaging theory, and its development and verification of the multi-scale analytical model

实验研究了血液灌注对人体组织有效热导率的影响。血液灌注率通过使用血压袖带对组织进行外部加压来控制。采用血流LDV测量皮下血流速度，采用热像仪、数字体温计和血流图像传感器系统监测灌注单位和皮肤表面温度分布。在理论研究方面，利用体积平均理论推导了一个新的生物热方程，用于研究血液灌注率对组织内温度的影响。基于多尺度分析模型的预测温度与实测温度吻合较好，证实了所提出的组织生物热方程的有效性。

The effects of the blood perfusion on the effective thermal conductivity of the human tissue were investigated experimentally. The blood perfusion rate was controlled by externally pressurizing the tissue using a blood pressure cuff. The blood velocity under the skin was measured by a blood flow LDV, while the perfusion units and skin surface temperature distribution were monitored using a thermograph, digital thermometer unit and blood flow image sensor system. As for a theoretical investigation, a new bioheat equation was derived using a volume averaging theory and was used to investigate the effects of the blood perfusion rate on the temperature within the tissue. The predicted temperature based on a multi-scale analytical model is found to agree well with the measured temperature, substantiating the validity of the proposed bioheat equation for the tissue.