Physiological match and mismatch in climate dependent distribution of boreal marine invertebrates

温度及其振荡影响生物地理、物种生存和生长能量消耗的生理机制是气候对生态系统影响的关键因素。这种依赖气候的生理模式在覆盖温带（北半球）广泛纬向线的海洋水生物种中得到了最充分的鉴定。这些物种的每一个种群（通常在遗传上不同于邻近种群）都适应在冷暖气候之间的梯度上的特定气候制度，以及与之相关的自然环境的季节和年际变化。沙蚕码头种群的比较旨在全面识别和量化对气候变化敏感的生理过程。在热适应中，供氧量和需氧量的调节是最关键的；因此，氧气传递系统的组成部分，如血红蛋白的功能特性、血液和组织氧合，以及设定需氧量和有机体性能的参数，将在大西洋、北海和白海的种群中进行研究。对于这些种群中的每一个来说，超过以往最佳状态的气候波动可能导致它们的适应能力达到极限，这被确定为需求与供应能力的不匹配。在这些生理研究的基础上，期望对气候因素、分子和细胞设计以及生理和生态性能之间的因果关系有一个了解。识别热适应中涉及的统一权衡和限制可能有助于理解气候梯度及其振荡如何在气候变化情景中塑造生态系统功能。

The physiological mechanisms, by which temperature and its oscillations shape biogeography, species survival, and energy expenditure for growth are addressed as crucial elements of climate effects on ecosystems. Such climate dependent physiological patterns are most adequately identified in marine aquatic species which cover wide latitudinal clines in temperate zones (Northern hemisphere). Each population of these species (frequently genetically different from neighbouring populations) is adapted to a specific climate regime on a gradient between warm and cold climates and the associated seasonal and inter-annual variability of its physical environment. Comparison of populations of the lugworm Arenicola marina is intended for a comprehensive identification and quantification of physiological processes sensitive to climate change. The adjustment of oxygen supply versus demand appears most crucial in thermal adaptation; therefore components of the oxygen transfer system, like haemoglobin functional properties, blood and tissue oxygenation, as well as parameters setting oxygen demand and organismic performance will be investigated in populations from the Atlantic, the North and White Seas. For each of those populations, climate oscillations beyond previous optima may lead them to the limits of their adaptational capacity, to be identified as a mismatch in demand vs supply capacities. Based on such physiological studies a cause and effect understanding is expected, how climate factors, molecular and cellular design as well as physiological and ecological performance are interrelated. Identification of the unifying trade-offs and constraints involved in thermal adaptation likely contributes to an understanding of how climate gradients and their oscillations shape ecosystem functioning during climate change scenarios.