1. The archaeology of the Tayma oasis: Continuity and change of subsistence strategies in the arid NW of the Arabian Peninsula from the Neolithic to Islam2. Water management in the historical oasis of Tayma

在塔马古绿洲进行的长期跨学科研究导致了对阿拉伯西北部作为文化接触动态区的实质性重新评估。根据考古植物学数据，绿洲种植始于公元前4.200年左右，这得益于地下水的可获得性，这是维持绿洲及其数千年来联系的因素之一。至少在公元前3千年结束时，泰玛与该区域内的主要政治和经济代理人，即埃及、锡罗-美索不达米亚和黎凡特有着密切的联系。阿拉伯半岛不断提供重要资源。泰玛在公元前2000年结束之前很久就达到了它在前现代时代的最大范围(9.2平方公里)，然后发展成为所谓的香道的中心地带。尽管公元前1000年泰玛的历史重建主要来自亚述、巴比伦或圣经来源，但新的考古证据提供了一幅更精细的图景，显示了绿洲的古代中心在拜占庭时期早期一直被人定居，直到被遗弃。长期调查的主要目标是在不断变化的生态环境和人类活动的结果框架内对泰马绿洲聚落及其环境进行考古探索。特别令人感兴趣的是作为文化一部分的解决办法和创新，这与执行不同的生存战略和相关的风险管理有关。(申请长期资金，2007，第16页)该项目的研究目标包含在五个核心领域。来自这项研究的数据目前正在研究中，以供后续出版：1.获得定居和环境数据2。社会结构和生活方式3。对外文化关系(社会、经济、政治)4.文件数据和档案工作的研究；地理信息系统(地理信息系统)5.出版计划的延续。水文学分项目从考古和古水文学的角度，在不断变化的环境条件的背景下，调查泰马自古石器时代以来水管理的发展情况。自流地下水导致了绿洲的出现和持续存在，今天，绿洲位于极端干旱的气候条件下。对水文地质背景和水文技术背景的调查不仅有助于确定和定位水资源，而且将使水资源的利用得以重建，特别是与特定类型的水管理有关的利用。在这方面，需要进一步调查不同用途的产水量和需求量。

Long-standing interdisciplinary research at the ancient oasis of Tayma resulted in a substantial reassessment of Northwest Arabia as dynamic zone of cultural contacts. Oasis cultivation, according to archaeobotanic data, started at around 4.200 BC, favored by the availability of groundwater, one of the factors sustaining the oasis and its connectedness for millennia. At least by the end of the 3rd millennium BC Tayma had close connections with the leading political and economic agents within the region, i.e. Egypt, Syro-Mesopotamia and the Levant. The Arabian Peninsula continuously provided important resources. Tayma reached its largest extent in pre-modern times (9.2 sq.km) long before the end of the 2nd millennium BC, before developing into a central place on the so-called Incense Road. Whereas 1st millennium BC historical reconstructions of Tayma had been dominated by Assyrian, Babylonian or Biblical sources, the new archaeological evidence offers a more refined picture of an oasis whose ancient center continued to be settled until the early Byzantine period, before being abandoned.The main goal of the long-term investigation is the archaeological exploration of the oasis settlement at Tayma and its environmental settings in the frame of continuously changing ecological contexts and the results of human activities. Of special interest are solutions and innovations as part of culture, which are related to the implementation of different subsistence strategies and of pertaining risk-management. (Application for long-term funding, 2007, p. 16) The research aims of the project are embedded in five central core areas. The data originating from this research is currently under study for subsequent publication:1. Obtaining settlement and environmental data2. Social structures and lifestyles3. External cultural relations (social, economic, political)4. Study of data and archive work on the documentation; Geographic Information System (GIS)5. Continuation of the publication program. The hydrological sub-project investigates the development of water management at Tayma since the Chalcolithic period from an archaeo- and palaeo-hydrological perspective in the context of changing environmental conditions. Artesian ground-water caused the emergence and continuous existence of the oasis which, today, is located in an area of hyper-arid climatic conditions. Investigation into the hydro-geological setting and hydro-technical contexts has not only facilitated the identification and localization of water resources, but will allow for reconstructions of its utilization, especially in relation to specific types of water management. In this context, the yield of water and the demand of different types of use need to be further investigated.