Land-use and land-cover change effects on biodiversity in European Russia (LUCC-BIO)

生物多样性正在以前所未有的速度下降，这主要是由于栖息地的破碎和丧失。因此，土地利用是物种灭绝的主要驱动因素之一；然而，土地利用变化与生物多样性变化之间的关系尚不清楚。地球上很少有地方发生迅速和广泛的土地利用变化，也很少有地方可以获得长期的生物多样性和野生动物种群数据。苏联解体后，俄罗斯经历了剧烈的土地利用变化，同时拥有独特的生物多样性和许多具有高保护价值的地区。幸运的是，俄罗斯还拥有两个独特的长期数据集，可以用来研究土地利用变化和生物多样性之间的关系：“冬季追踪计数”（野生动物统计）和“自然编年史”（在俄罗斯密集的保护区网络中监测的生物多样性数据——zapovedniks）。我们将使用卫星图像在两个空间尺度（区域尺度和景观尺度）上量化苏联解体后土地利用变化的速率和空间格局。通过分析野生动物统计数据（Winter Track Counts）和保护区生物多样性记录（Chronicles of Nature），结合土地利用变化数据，探讨了土地利用变化与生物多样性模式之间的关系。(2)保护区周边土地利用变化如何影响保护区生物多样性？(3)最近的土地利用变化对俄罗斯的野生动物和生物多样性有什么影响？

Biodiversity is declining at unprecedented rates, largely due to habitat fragmentation and loss. Thus, land use is among the main drivers of species extinction; yet, the relationship of land use change and biodiversity change is poorly understood. There are very few places on the globe where rapid and widespread land use change occurs and where long-term biodiversity and wildlife population data are available. Russia experienced drastic land use changes after the breakdown of the Soviet Union while harboring exceptional biodiversity and many areas of high conservation value. Fortunately, Russia also possesses two unique long-term data sets that allow studying the relationship of land use change and biodiversity: the “Winter Track Counts” (wildlife statistics) and the “Chronicles of Nature” (biodiversity data monitored within Russia’s dense network of protected areas - zapovedniks). We will use satellite images to quantify rates and spatial patterns of post- Soviet land use change at two spatial scales (regional and landscape scale). We analyze wildlife statistics (Winter Track Counts) and the biodiversity records from the protected areas (Chronicles of Nature) in combination with the land use change data to investigate: (1) What is the relationship between land use change and biodiversity patterns? (2) How does land use change in the surrounding of protected areas affect biodiversity within protected areas? (3) What are the consequences of recent land use changes for Russia’s wildlife and biodiversity?