Developing new teaching materials to show the influences of Ultraviolet radiation on organisms for environmental education

平流层臭氧消耗是一个令人担忧的问题，因为平流层中的臭氧层阻止了太阳紫外线（UV）辐射的95-99%照射到地球。撞击地球的氢能水平增加可能造成若干后果，包括：基因损害、眼睛损害和海洋生物损害。为了让学生科学地理解这些关系，我们在实验中设计了以下方法：在所有实验中，我们使用1OW紫外灯（杀菌灯）照射30cm的紫外线。香蕉皮在暗室中放置2-3分钟后接受紫外线照射，由黄色变为棕色。这种颜色变化可用于估计紫外线辐射。通过在香蕉表面覆盖试验材料，研究了几种材料对紫外辐射的透射系数。1分钟的紫外照射使99%的酵母细胞死亡，但在死亡过程中观察到光恢复。以酵母细胞为材料，可以对其进行定量处理。紫外光照射20 min以上可抑制浮萍（Spirodela punctata）菌体的生长。受侵染菌体的叶绿素逐渐丧失，在辐照后几天内变为白色。在两栖动物胚胎（爪蟾）中，紫外线照射超过50分钟，使其卵裂异常，照射后36小时，其存活率下降。随着辐照时间的延长，活胚中畸形胚的发生率增高。从紫外线辐射的生物防护机制方面制定了实用方法方案，并对其对我国环境和环境教育的重要性进行了评价。

Stratospheric ozone depletion is a concern because the ozone layer in the stratosphere keeps 95-99% of the suns ultraviolet(UV) radiation from striking the earth. A number of consequences can result from increased levels of 1W striking the earth, including : genetic damage, eye damages and damage to marine life.To make students understand these rerelationships scientifically, we schemed out following methods in experiments, In the all experiments , we used a 1OW UV lamp(germicidal lamp) to apply UV light at 30cm.1. The pericarp of banana changed its yellow color to brown when it had received UV radiation for 2-3 minutes followed keeping in a dark room. This color change is available for the estimation of UV radiation. The tranamission factor of several materials for the UV radiation was studied by covering the surface of banana with the test materials.2. The one minute UV irradiation coused death in 99% of yeast cells, but the photorecovery was observed in the dying process. Using yeast cells as a material we can treat the potorecovery quantitatively.3. The thallus of duckweed (Spirodela punctata) was suppressed its growth by more than 20 min irrdiation of UV.The attacked thalluses lost its chlorophyl color gradually, and became white in color within a few days after the irradiation.4. In ampibian embryos (Xenopus laevis), UV irradiation over 50 minuts caused their abnormal cleavage, and then the living rate of them decreased at 36 hr after the irradiation. According to the prolongation of irradiation time, in the living embryos, the rate of embryos which developed abnormal form were increased.5. We made protocol of practical approach with the aspect of biological protection mechanism for (UV) radiation, and evaluate the importance to our environment and environment education.