On the recent rapid deterioration of Himalayan cryosphere

为了研究喜马拉雅冰冻圈最近恶化的原因，我们分析了在隐谷提取的冰芯，分析了各种离子、不溶性颗粒、氚和氨基酸的浓度。氨基酸浓度的测定结果表明，氨基酸浓度可以作为生物活动的一个指标，通过计算氨基酸浓度的年周期，可以用于冰芯测年。光学异构体的浓度分析表明，l -异构体的增加是在生物活动的作用下就地发生的，随着时间的推移，l -异构体的浓度逐渐降低，趋于热力学平衡状态：d -异构体的浓度逐渐增加。这可以用来独立地确定核心的日期。在北海道Moshiri进行了雪坑观测，以了解湿积雪中某些参数的演变，为核心资料的解释提供依据。在湿雪堆中，颗粒大小比在干燥状态下增加得更快。湿雪堆中稳定同位素比值的变化可以用与雪颗粒生长相关的相变来表示。对碎屑覆盖冰川的物质平衡具有重要意义的冰崖和冰塘进行了热收支分析。研究发现，冰崖处的融化速率大约是碎屑覆盖区平均融化速率的70倍，冰崖处的融化对冰川萎缩的贡献非常显著。此外，池塘里温暖的水将大大有助于融化水泄漏通道周围的冰。在尼泊尔的Daulagiri山谷和Shorong山谷采集的样本也进行了树木年代学分析。已出版了两卷数据报告，供内部使用所获得的数据。同时，还散发了一份英文和尼泊尔文的小册子，向一般人解释该项目的结果和发现。

For examining the cause of the recent deterioration of Himalayan cryosphere, an ice core retrieved in Hidden Valley was analyzed for the concentration of various ions, insoluble particles, tritium and amino-acid. The results for amino-acid concentration indicated that its concentration can be an indicator of the biotic activities, which could be used for ice core dating by counting the annual cycles of the amino-acid concentration. The analysis of the concentration of optical isomers showed that the increase of L-isomer takes place in situ by the biotic activities, and it decreases with time toward the thermodynamic equilibrium state : gradual increase of D-isomer. This can be utilized to date the core independently.Snow pit observation has been carried out at Moshiri, Hokkaido in order to understand the evolution of some parameters in a wet snow pack, for interpreting the core data. The particle size increased more rapidly in a wet snow pack than in dry state. The change of stable isotope ratio in a wet snow pack was expressed in terms of the phase change in association with the grain growth of snow particles.Heat budget analysis was carried out for supraglacial ice cliffs and ponds, which are very important for the mass balance of debris-covered glaciers. It was found that the rate of melting at ice cliffs are roughly 70 times larger than the average rate of melting in debris-covered area, and the contribution of melting at ice cliffs is very significant for shrinkage of glaciers. Also, the warmed water in ponds would contribute significantly to melt the ice surrounding water channels through which the water leaks.Dendro-chronological analysis was also made with samples collected at Daulagiri Valley and Shorong Valley, Nepal.Two volumes of data report have been published for internal use of the data obtained. At the same time, a leaflet, in English as well as in Nepalese, explaining the results and findings of this project for general people, and distributed.