Studies on machanisms of fruit maturation and skin coloring, and their qualities improvement on a warm fruit growing region

对果实果皮着色的形态生理机制、果实成熟的调控机制和裂化等病害的发生进行了研究，以期对暖果产区优质果实的生产有更好的认识和信息。结果表明，不同产区的花青素积累与果皮着色有明显差异；在Kyoho葡萄果实中，来自长野县的产品，生长良好，花青素含量高，而来自熊本Perf的果实。原花青素和黄酮醇到花青素的途径可能由于高温而被酶抑制。同样，本文提出了影响温暖地区苹果果皮变色的因素：相对较低的温度（比自然温度低3-4℃）强烈促进了花青素的积累，内源ABA含量因此而增加。根据本项目的几项发现，ABA可能参与果实成熟，在草莓和葡萄果实中，内源ABA在表皮着色阶段之前达到峰值，在有籽果实中含量较高，在着色方面优于无籽果实。在“津加鲁”苹果果实收获后的贮藏过程中，与来自凉爽地区的果实相比，来自温暖地区的果实表皮上有少量脂质外观。对桃果果进行套袋处理，在叶片水势-3.0 Mpa左右的条件下，可导致糖含量的增加和酚的积累，但不表现出干旱对桃果果开裂的影响。这些研究结果将为温暖生长地区果实品质的改善提供信息，因为这是一个不利的果实生产环境。

Some investigations were made on morphological and physiological machanisms of fruit skin coloring, regulation for fruit maturation and disorder incidence occurrence such as cracking, aiming to obtain the better understanding and information for high-quality fruit production on a warm fruit growing region. As results, the apparent difference in anthocyanin accumulation in relation to fruit skin coloring was proposed among the different production areas ; in the case of 'Kyoho' grape fruit, the produce from Nagano Prefecture, well-growing region, showed high contents of anthocyanin whereas fruit from Kumamoto Perf., a warm growing region, was supposed to be blocked enzymatically the pathway from proanthocyanin and flavonol to anthocyanin due to high temperarature presumably.Likewise, the factors affecting the skin coloring of apple on a warm region were suggested : relatively lower temperature (3-4 C lower than natural temperature) promoted the accumulation of anthocyanin strongly in the experiment, endogenous ABA contents was increased by virtue of its effect. The involvement of ABA on fruit maturation was likely according to several findings in this project, in strawberry and grape fruits, showing the peak of endogenous ABA in prior to the skin coloring stage and higher content found in the seeded-fruit, advantageous over the seedless fruit in coloring. During the storage after harvest of 'Tsugaru' apple fruit, a little lipid appearance on skin was found on fruit from a warm region as compared with fruit from a cool region.On peach fruit, a bagging over fruit prohibited well-coloring and drought treatment, around -3.0 Mpa in leaf water potential, resulted in an increment of sugar content and an accumulation of phenol, but it was not appeared that drought can cause the cracking of peach fruit.These findings will be available for the information of fruit quality improvement on a warm growing region as an adverse enrionment for fruit production.