Cohort Analysis of Forestry Labor Force

本研究的主要目的是：（1）通过队列分析和问卷调查，揭示日本林业劳动力的结构;（2）通过实地调查，阐明日本林业劳动力进入和退出林业工作的主要原因。本文以日本林农合作社劳动力为研究对象，主要研究结果如下：（1）利用1955-1995年的普查数据进行的队列分析表明：这一时期农林水产业的队列分布与整个产业的队列分布不同。特别是日本林业劳动力的显著减少是在经济高速增长时期出现的。我们预测，从长远来看，林业劳动力将减少到12,000人。(2)通过对669个（其中1,187个有劳动力）业主合作社的问卷调查，1992 ~ 1997年458个业主合作社有3,979名新职工参加林业工作，861名新职工辞职。(3)实地调查表明，林协与职工政党的关系大致可分为三种类型。月薪制和年资工资制的结合给他们的管理带来了压力;然而，这种制度吸引了年轻的劳动力，在一之宫FOC和天龙市FOC都有例子。一些FOCs雇用新毕业生，他们花了很大的精力来教育他们，因此FOCs不得不承担更大的负担。这种类型在Senbokuhigashi-FOC和Animoriyoshi-FOC中成立。仍然超过FOC与他们的工人团队做出合同安排。他们对工人队P.T.O.的控制有限。他们正面临着招聘新工人的难题。例如，在Iwaizumi-FOC。

We are two objectives in our study, which are as follows ;(1) to reveal the structures of Japanese forestry labor, using both the cohort analysis and the questionnaire survey(2) to clarify the main causes of the entrance into and reassignment from forestry works on the field research. We focus our studying on the labor force of Forest Owners' Cooperations in Japan.We summarize the research results as follows ;(1) The cohort analysis using the census data during 1955-1995 data reveals the followings : The cohort distribution of the agriculture, forestry and fisheries are different from that of whole industry in this period. Especially the marked decrease in Japanese forestry labor was arisen in the rapid economic growth period. We forecast the forestry labor force diminishing to 12,000 in the long-run.(2) Utilizing the a questionnaire answers from 669 (we sent out 1,187 which have labor force) Forest Owners' Cooperations, there were 3,979 new comers to forest works and 861 from these new comers resign from 458 Forest Owners' Cooperation during 1992-1997.(3) The field research indicated that the relationships between the Forest Owners' Cooperations (FOCs) and their workers parties are probably classified into three types. The combination of the monthly salary system and the seniority wage system put a strain on their management ; nevertheless the system attracts young work force, examples are founded at Ichinomiya-FOC and Tenryushi-FOC. Some FOCs employ new graduates and they put great efforts to educate them thus FOCs have to shoulder the greater part of the burden. This type is founded in Senbokuhigashi-FOC and Animoriyoshi-FOC. Still over FOCs make contracting arrangement with their workers team. They have a limited control over the workers team P.T.O. and they are facing troubles of recruiting the new workers. Examples are founded in Iwaizumi-FOC.