Functional and neurophysiological basis of voluntary action control: Behavioral, TMS, and EEG studies - VAC

人类要么可以在环境中产生一定的影响，以实现代理的目标；或者他们采取行动来适应环境要求。第一种行为可称为基于意图的或自愿的，后一种行为可称为基于刺激的或反应性的。最近的研究表明，基于刺激和基于意图的行为是由不同的神经结构控制的。此外，这两种行动途径以不同的方式工作：在基于刺激的模式中，受试者将控制权交给刺激，因为系统仅以预先指定的方式对刺激进行反射性反应。在这种模式下，行动是根据其环境感官前因来选择的。在基于意图的模式中，动作是由意动原理指导的。根据意识运动理论，自愿行动控制是基于动作和可感知后果之间的习得关联。基于意图的行为，也就是意念运动理论，可以通过预测这些结果来触发。我们将沿着三个轴研究基于刺激和基于意图的行为的认知和神经生理基础：•基于意图的行为控制机制以及基于意图和基于刺激的行为之间的功能差异。•远端感觉结果在基于意图的动作控制中的作用。•协调基于意图和刺激的行动。我们将借助来自两个学科的技术来解决这些问题：•实验心理学和心理物理学（反应时间，检测阈值）。•神经生理学（经颅磁刺激[TMS]，事件相关电位[erp]）我们的目标是：•研究动作控制的功能和神经生理学基础。•设计和实施新的神经科学技术，为该主题的进一步复杂研究开辟道路。•以动作控制的神经功能前因为主题，建立CNRS LPP / MPI CBS研究轴。由于自愿行为的概念在人文科学中如此普遍，这项研究也将对伦理（问责制）和哲学问题（自由意志）产生更广泛的影响。此外，专注于自愿行动的感觉运动基础可能有助于连接健康、社会和人格心理学中常见的科学方法。

Humans either cany out actions to produce certain effects in the environment meant to meet the agent s goals; or they carry out actions to accommodate to environmental demands. The first type of action may be referred to as intention-based or voluntary, the latter kind may be referred to as stimulus-based or reactive.Recent research suggests that stimulus- and intention-based actions are controlled by different neural structures. Moreover, the two routes to action work in a different fashion: In the stimulus-based mode, subjects hand over control to the stimuli, in that the system merely acts reflexively upon presentation of a stimulus in a pre-specified way. In this mode, actions are selected with respect to their environmental sensory antecedents. In the intention-based mode, actions are guided by the ideomotor principle. According to the ideomotor theory, voluntary action control is based on learned associations between movements and their perceivable consequences. An intention-based action, so the ideomotor theory, can be triggered by anticipating these consequences.We will investigate the cognitive and neurophysiological basis of stimulus- and intention-based actions along three axes:• Mechanisms of intention-based action control and functional differences between intention- and stimulus-based actions.• Role of distal sensory consequences in intention-based action control.• Coordination of intention- and stimulus-based action.We will approach these issues with the help of techniques coming from two disciplines:• Experimental Psychology and psychophysics (reaction times, detection thresholds).• Neurophysiology (transcranial magnet stimulation [TMS], event-related potentials [ERPs])Our goals are:• to investigate the functional an neurophysiological underpinnings of action control.• to devise and implement new neuroscientific techniques opening up further sophisticated investigation of the topic.• to establish a research axis CNRS LPP / MPI CBS on the topic of neurofunctional antecedents of action control.Because the concept of voluntary action is so pervasive in human sciences, the research will also have wider impact on ethical (accountability) and philosophical issues (free will). Moreover focusing on the sensorimotor basis of voluntary action may help to bridge scientific approaches that are common in health, social, and personality psychology.