Practice and Distribution of Folk Technology in Visayas

该项目下的这项研究旨在澄清民间技术及其知识是如何在铁匠、渔民、小规模贸易商、祈祷者和治疗师等工匠的小家庭圈子内代代相传或从一个人传给另一个人的。从宗教人类学的角度来看，Kawada在Bantayan岛调查了当地人如何接受祈祷者拥有的被称为Orasyones的魔法词。通过分析发现，虽然Orkanones被理解为一种隐藏的，可怕的知识，即使是当地人也可以使用它来方便他们。Seki在Siquijor研究如何成为一名传统治疗师。Seki专注于治疗师的主要活动，如治疗疾病和收集草药，他得出结论，这些知识最有可能通过家庭成员的日常学习传播。从社会人类学的角度，牛岛在莱特以一个铁匠参与的买卖活动为中心，得出了这样一个结论：为了克服小资本的财务问题，他们建立了一种独特的主顾关系，这种关系永不固定，灵活多变，从而满足市场对某一产品不断变化的需求。马林杜克的瓦塔里，专注于一个拥有特殊造船技能的村庄，发现即使在一个移民的地方，他们也成功地利用自己的技能和知识建立了渔业。从这一观察中，瓦塔里得出结论，差异化的技能使他们能够轻松地适应陌生的环境。这些发现将作为菲律宾大学第三世界研究中心的“Bisayan Locations”出版，由Iwao Ushijima和Cynthia Zayas于2000年编辑。

This study under the project, aims at clarifying how folk technology and its knowledge are transmitted from generation to generation, or from a person to a person, within a small family circle of artisans such as blacksmith, fishermen, small-scale-trader, prayer, and healer. From a religious anthropological point of view, Kawada in Bantayan Island, investigated how magic words known as Orasyones, owned by a prayer, could be accepted by local folks. This analysis found out that although Orasynones has been understood a hidden, scared knowledge, even local folks could use it for their convenience. Seki in Siquijor examine how to become a traditional healer. Focusing on the main activities of a healer like healing sickness and gathering herbal medicines, Seki concluded that these knowledge could be most likely transmitted through daily learning from family members. From social anthropological point of view, Ushijima in Leyte, focusing on a blacksmith involved in buy-and sell activities, arrived at a conclusion that in order to overcome financial problems like a small capital, they established a unique patron-client relationship, never fix, flexible, so as to meet changing market demand of a product. Watari in Marinduque, focusing on a village known as owing a special skill of ship-building, found out that even in a migrated place, they successfully established the fishing business by marking use of their own skill and knowledge. From this observation, Watari concluded that a differentiated skill enabled them to easily adjust to an unfamiliar environment. These finding will be published as "Bisayan Locations" from The Third World Studies Center, University of the Philippines, edited by Iwao Ushijima and Cynthia Zayas in 2000.