Civic-Matsuri(Festival) Systems and Organizations of Port Towns in Shimokita Peninsula

本研究试图从城市民俗学的角度，厘清日本民俗学研究中最近兴起的流派--岛下半岛几个港口城镇的民间松井制度与其组织、民间信仰之间的相互关系。Tanabu、Kawauchi、Wakinosawa、oh‘hata、oh’ma和Sai等城镇有着共同的历史渊源，它们较早由许多来自日本海沿海地区的移民定居，他们从事航运运输的繁荣一直持续到19世纪末。几个Matsuri开始于17c，并被介绍了许多Matsuri的材料以及来自他们家乡的其他文化元素。我们可以把松里视为这些文化遗产和乡亲民俗生活的典范，这样我们就可以通过比较每个松树来了解他们的民族精神。本研究考察了几个松里之间的异同。澄清了以下一些新观点。聚落的树型：城镇--作为周边地区的中心，支村--与城镇的社会经济联系，村庄--保持传统自治。2.松里加入了一些分支村落，为了演奏净化舞蹈而被命名为Kagura。因此，Matsuri不仅是对城镇的庆祝，也是对城镇周围地区的庆祝。尽管有复杂的发展体系，下下町的松里还是被迫在组织形式中融入了传统元素。为了加深我们对被调查的松梨的了解，我们使用了几个家庭类型的录像机进行比较研究，并在80分钟内制作了关于哦‘hata的松梨的民族志视频。

This research attempts to clarify some critical points about the interrelationship between civic-Matsuri systems and its organizations,folk beliefs in several port towns of Shimokita Peninsula from standpoint of urban folklore,recently developped genre in Japanese folklore study. These towns such as Tanabu, Kawauchi,Wakinosawa,Oh'hata,Oh'ma,and Sai have common historical origin that they were earlier settled by many immigrants from coastal areas of the Sea of Japan,who engaged in shipping transportations flourished until the end of 19c. Several Matsuris began in 17c and were introduced many materials for Matsuri alongside with other cultural elements from their home places. We could consider Matsuri as the good example of such cultural heritages and townsmen's folk life,so we could understand their ethos by comparing each Matsuri.In this research,we investigated their similarities and differences among several Matsuris. Some following new ideas are clarified.1. Tree types of settlement:Town-functioning as a center for surrounding area,Branch village -socio-economically related with town,Village-maintaining traditinal autonomy. 2. Matsuri incorporates some branch villages that participate in order to play purification dance named "KAGURA".Therefore,Matsuri is not only celebration for town, but for town's surrounded area.3. Matsuri in Shimokita is forced to incorporate traditional elements in that organizational form,in spite of that sophisticated developmental system. A few home-type videocamera were used for comparative study to further our understanding about Matsuri investigated.And we produced ethnographic Video in 80minutes on Oh'hata's Matsuri.