Civic-Matsuri(Festival) Systems and Organizations of Port Towns in Shimokita Peninsula

本研究试图从日本民俗学研究中新近发展起来的城市民俗学的角度，厘清下北半岛几个港口城镇的民间信仰与民间组织之间相互关系的一些关键问题。田abu、川内、Wakinosawa、Oh'hata、Oh'ma、Sai等城镇具有共同的历史渊源，它们较早被许多来自日本海沿岸地区的移民定居，他们从事航运运输，直到19世纪末才蓬勃发展。从公元17世纪开始，一些祭典开始引入许多祭典材料以及来自他们家乡的其他文化元素。我们可以把祭礼作为这些文化遗产和市民民俗生活的典范，通过对每个祭礼的比较，我们可以了解他们的精神风貌。在本研究中，我们调查了几种松茸的异同。澄清了以下一些新观点：三种类型的聚落：镇——作为周边地区的中心，支村——与镇有社会经济关系，村——保持传统的自治权。2. Matsuri合并了一些分支村庄，参与以演奏名为“KAGURA”的净化舞蹈。因此，祭节不仅是城镇的庆典，也是城镇周边地区的庆典。下田町的Matsuri被迫将传统元素融入到这种组织形式中，尽管这是一种复杂的发展体系。为了加深我们对所调查的Matsuri的了解，我们使用了一些家用摄像机进行比较研究。我们用80分钟的时间在Oh'hata's Matsuri制作了一个人种学视频。

This research attempts to clarify some critical points about the interrelationship between civic-Matsuri systems and its organizations,folk beliefs in several port towns of Shimokita Peninsula from standpoint of urban folklore,recently developped genre in Japanese folklore study. These towns such as Tanabu, Kawauchi,Wakinosawa,Oh'hata,Oh'ma,and Sai have common historical origin that they were earlier settled by many immigrants from coastal areas of the Sea of Japan,who engaged in shipping transportations flourished until the end of 19c. Several Matsuris began in 17c and were introduced many materials for Matsuri alongside with other cultural elements from their home places. We could consider Matsuri as the good example of such cultural heritages and townsmen's folk life,so we could understand their ethos by comparing each Matsuri.In this research,we investigated their similarities and differences among several Matsuris. Some following new ideas are clarified.1. Tree types of settlement:Town-functioning as a center for surrounding area,Branch village -socio-economically related with town,Village-maintaining traditinal autonomy. 2. Matsuri incorporates some branch villages that participate in order to play purification dance named "KAGURA".Therefore,Matsuri is not only celebration for town, but for town's surrounded area.3. Matsuri in Shimokita is forced to incorporate traditional elements in that organizational form,in spite of that sophisticated developmental system. A few home-type videocamera were used for comparative study to further our understanding about Matsuri investigated.And we produced ethnographic Video in 80minutes on Oh'hata's Matsuri.