Civic-Matsuri(Festival) Systems and Organizations of Port Towns in Shimokita Peninsula

下北半岛港口城镇的市民祭制度和组织

• 批准号: 58410007
• 负责人: USHIJIMA Iwao
• 金额: $ 3.65万
• 依托单位: University of Tsukuba
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1983 至 1985
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-58410007/
• 关键词: Shimokita Peninsula; Town; Matsuri; Urban folklore; Cultrual exchange

This research attempts to clarify some critical points about the interrelationship between civic-Matsuri systems and its organizations,folk beliefs in several port towns of Shimokita Peninsula from standpoint of urban folklore,recently developped genre in Japanese folklore study. These towns such as Tanabu, Kawauchi,Wakinosawa,Oh'hata,Oh'ma,and Sai have common historical origin that they were earlier settled by many immigrants from coastal areas of the Sea of Japan,who engaged in shipping transportations flourished until the end of 19c. Several Matsuris began in 17c and were introduced many materials for Matsuri alongside with other cultural elements from their home places. We could consider Matsuri as the good example of such cultural heritages and townsmen's folk life,so we could understand their ethos by comparing each Matsuri.In this research,we investigated their similarities and differences among several Matsuris. Some following new ideas are clarified.1. Tree types of settlement:Town-functioning as a center for surrounding area,Branch village -socio-economically related with town,Village-maintaining traditinal autonomy. 2. Matsuri incorporates some branch villages that participate in order to play purification dance named "KAGURA".Therefore,Matsuri is not only celebration for town, but for town's surrounded area.3. Matsuri in Shimokita is forced to incorporate traditional elements in that organizational form,in spite of that sophisticated developmental system. A few home-type videocamera were used for comparative study to further our understanding about Matsuri investigated.And we produced ethnographic Video in 80minutes on Oh'hata's Matsuri.

本研究试图从都市民俗学的角度阐明公民祭制度及其组织之间的相互关系、下北半岛几个港口城镇的民间信仰以及日本民俗研究中最近发展的流派之间的一些关键点。田名部、川内、胁之泽、大畑、大间、西等城镇有着共同的历史渊源，都是早期由许多来自日本海沿岸地区的移民定居的地方，从事航运活动，直到19世纪末才繁荣起来。一些祭典始于 17 世纪，引入了许多祭典材料以及来自家乡的其他文化元素。我们可以将祭视为此类文化遗产和城镇居民民俗生活的典范，因此我们可以通过比较每个祭来了解他们的精神。在本研究中，我们调查了几种祭之间的异同。明确了以下几个新的思路： 1．聚落树型：城镇——以周边为中心、支村——社会经济与城镇相关、村庄——保持传统自治。 2. 祭典包括一些支村参加，以演奏名为“神乐”的净化舞蹈。因此，祭典不仅是城镇的庆祝活动，也是城镇周边地区的庆祝活动。 3．尽管有复杂的发展系统，但下北的祭被迫将传统元素融入到组织形式中。为了进一步了解所调查的祭典，我们使用了一些家用摄像机进行了比较研究。并制作了80分钟的关于Oh'hata祭典的民族志视频。