Natural resource management policy in New Zealand

该研究项目的重点是新西兰基于1991年《资源管理法》的自然资源管理政策。RMA是世界上非常独特的实验，因为它的目的是通过自然资源管理的整合和公众的全面参与，实现区域层面的可持续管理。我们试图通过与从业者、利益相关者和当地居民的直接访谈来掌握RMA实施的现状。本研究的目的是：1）评估RMA作为一项可持续的自然资源管理政策; 2）评估RMA中的规划过程，以验证公众参与的有效性。案例研究主要在北岛的塔拉纳基地区和南岛的怀马卡里里地区进行。通过分析，我们可以发现RMA在实施过程中存在以下问题：新自由主义与环境主义在一个政府政策中的不相容性，在现状基础上的可持续管理的不可行性，地区议会与地方政府在资源综合管理方面存在严重的冲突，地方政府与地方政府在资源综合管理方面存在严重的冲突。但由于军事革命需要多次制定计划，相当一部分地区和地区的军事革命计划正在规划中。此外，发展的资源同意书亦暂时实施。全国各地的规划阶段似乎需要几年时间才能完成。因此，未来还需要重新调查以完成研究。

This research project was focused on the natural resource management policy based on the Resource Management Act of 1991 (RMA) in New Zealand. The RMA is very unique experiment in the world because its aim is to realize sustainable management in regional level through integration of natural resource management and complete public participation. We tried to grasp a present state of implementation of the RMA by direct interviews with practitioners, stakeholders and local residents. Goals of the research project were : 1) to evaluate the RMA as a sustainable natural resource management policy ; 2) to evaluate planning process in the RMA to verify effectiveness of public participation. Case studies were mainly held in Taranaki Region in North Island and Waimakariri District in South Island. Both cases are well-known as successful public participation.As results, we could point out following problems in implementation of the RMA : incompatibility between Neo-Liberalism and Environmentalism in one government policy; impracticability of sustainable management under status-quo basis ; some serious conflicts between regional councils and territorial authorities in terms of integrated resource management ; incompatibility between unregulatory method and public participation ; ineffectiveness of unregulatory method in urban areas.However, as the RMA needs very many times to establish plans, quite a number of the RMA plans in regions and districts are now under planning. Also resource consents for development are implemented temporarily. Several years seem to be needed to complete planning stage all over the country. Therefore, reinvestigation in future is also needed to complete the study.