The Salton Sea and Children's Health: Assessing Imperial Valley Respiratory Health and the Environment

摘要 哮喘仍然是儿童最常见的慢性病之一。1哮喘是一种多因素疾病， 它的发展可能受到住房特征、室内过敏原和环境的影响 2、3帝国谷的低收入社区，主要是墨西哥裔美国人，位于农村 加利福尼亚州东南部，那里每5个孩子中就有一个患有哮喘。此外，它是世界上哮喘发病率最高的 CA的哮喘急诊率和住院率，5尽管这些比率上升的原因 尚未进行评估。通过帝国谷呼吸健康与环境评估 (AIRE)研究(1R01ES029598)，6一个不同的调查团队正在利用社区参与的方法 研究空气污染对儿童呼吸道健康的影响 西班牙裔小学生。通过艾尔在社区的工作，已经确定了杀虫剂 被居民视为另一个关键的环境健康问题。 接触杀虫剂可能会影响呼吸健康，但在幼儿中的数据很少。 帝国谷农业社区提供了美国66%的冬季蔬菜消费 是加州农药使用量最高的地区之一。14500万磅农业杀虫剂 2017年在帝国谷申请。学校和住宅位于靠近农田的地方 因此，非职业性住宅农药暴露非常令人担忧。虽然降低了肺活量和 据报道，农业工人的哮喘和呼吸道症状有所增加，21-26仍有 我们对生活在农药使用附近的儿童与哮喘之间的联系的理解存在差距。 农药漂移对农村社区特别令人担忧，15在附近社区进行的研究 喷洒了杀虫剂的农田在空气、家庭和尿液中发现了广泛的污染 来自这些社区的16-19岁的儿童，这可能会增加患儿童哮喘的风险。 此外，多种杀虫剂经常联合使用，关于以下方面的研究很少 儿童接触杀虫剂混合物和呼吸健康后果。 这项拟议的多样性补充方案将利用从儿童基金会队列收集的数据。这 队列已经招收了550名小学生，并拥有广泛的肺功能纵向数据 和呼吸道健康症状。这项研究的完成将扩大我们对如何 杀虫剂影响儿童的呼吸道健康。我们的研究将是第一批检查 儿童时期接触杀虫剂混合物与纵向呼吸系统健康结局的关系。 培训将使应聘者能够开始独立的职业生涯，专注于 环境暴露和健康结果，特别关注环境正义社区。

SUMMARY Asthma remains one of the most common chronic diseases in children.1 Asthma is a multifactorial disease, whose development may be influenced by housing characteristics, indoor allergens, and environmental pollutants.2,3 The low income, primarily Mexican-American community of Imperial Valley is situated in rural southeastern California, where 1 in 5 children struggle with asthma.4 Furthermore, it has one of the highest rates of emergency visits and hospitalizations for asthma in CA,5 although the reasons for these elevated rates have not yet been assessed. Through the Assessing Imperial Valley Respiratory Health and the Environment (AIRE) study (1R01ES029598),6 a diverse team of investigators is leveraging a community-engaged approach to examine the role of air pollution on children's respiratory health in a prospective cohort of predominantly Hispanic elementary school children. Through AIRE's work in the community, pesticides have been identified by residents as another key environmental health concern. Pesticide exposures may influence respiratory health, but data in young children are scarce.7–13 This agricultural community of Imperial Valley supplies 66% of the winter vegetables consumed in the United States and is one of the highest pesticide use areas in CA.14 Five million pounds of agricultural pesticides were applied in Imperial Valley in 2017. Schools and homes are located in close proximity to agricultural fields and thus non-occupational residential pesticide exposures are of great concern. While reduced lung capacity and increased asthma and respiratory symptoms have been reported in agricultural workers,21–26 there remains a gap in our understanding of the association between children living near pesticide applications and asthma. Pesticide drift is of particular concern for rural communities,15 and studies conducted in communities living near agricultural fields sprayed with pesticides have found extensive contamination in the air, in homes, and in urine from children in these communities,16–19 which may increase the risk of developing pediatric asthma.10,20 Additionally, multiple pesticides are often used in combination and there is a paucity of research regarding pesticide mixture exposures among children and respiratory health outcomes. This proposed diversity supplement will leverage data collected from the Children's AIRE cohort. This cohort has enrolled 550 elementary school-aged children and has extensive longitudinal data on lung function and respiratory health symptoms. The completion of this study will expand on our understanding of how pesticides impact respiratory health in children. Our study will be the among the first to examine the relationship between exposure to childhood pesticide mixtures and longitudinal respiratory health outcomes. The training will position the Candidate to launch an independent career focusing on the relationship between environmental exposures and health outcomes with a special focus on environmental justice communities.