Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia as a Predictor of Substance Use among Early Adolescents

呼吸性窦性心律不齐是青少年早期药物使用的预测指标 导致负面健康后果的危险行为，如使用药物或性危险行为，通常 从青春期开始。在青春期早期确定风险最高的人群对于预防干预至关重要。 情绪调节在降低青少年风险方面发挥着重要作用，但也发现了那些易受伤害的人 由于贫困的青少年，青春期早期的情绪调节缺陷是具有挑战性的 洞察这些仍在发展中的情感过程。呼吸性窦性心律失常(RSA)，心脏指标 受副交感神经系统影响的心率变异性是情绪的既定标志 监管过程。RSA不依赖自我报告，可能有助于及早识别风险。我们的 该团队开发了一种新的虚拟现实派对任务，用来评估情绪调节模式 青少年。我们实验室使用这一任务的初步数据表明，有物质史的青少年 在暴露于具有挑战性的情况(参考)后，使用显示出较慢的恢复到基线RSA(在静止时测量) 恢复RSA)与未使用的对等体进行比较。这可能表明恢复RSA是 情绪调节与危险行为有关，因为在现实世界中，情绪触发往往是快速接连发生的 有风险的情况。这项拟议的研究将前瞻性地检验RSA在预测青少年风险方面的效用 280名早期青少年(12.0~12.5岁)的行为(物质使用和性风险) 为期24个月。我们还将评估在物质使用的背景下是否存在情绪调节 而性冒险情境(虚拟现实派对)在预测风险行为方面比 计算机冒险任务(气球模拟冒险任务)。我们还将研究定义以下内容的策略 恢复RSA，考虑到当前文献中的不一致之处。目前的提案将该领域向前推进了 结合虚拟现实和RSA采集评估情绪调节，目的是识别情绪调节的标志物 那些最容易在幼年从事危险行为的人，从而创新了预防科学。

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia as a predictor of substance use among early adolescents Risk behaviors that cause negative health outcomes, such as substance use or sexual risk behaviors, typically begin in adolescence. Identifying those most at risk in early adolescence is critical for prevention interventions. Emotion regulation plays an important role in reducing adolescent risk but detecting those who are vulnerable because of deficits in emotion regulation during early adolescence is challenging due to poor adolescent insight into these still-developing emotional processes. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), an index of heart rate variability that is influenced by the parasympathetic nervous system, is an established marker of emotion regulation processes. RSA does not rely on self-report and may be useful for early identification of risk. Our team has developed a novel virtual reality party task with which to assess emotion regulation patterns in adolescents. Pilot data in our laboratory using this task suggest that adolescents with a history of substance use exhibit slower return to baseline RSA (measured at rest) after exposure to a challenging situation (referred to as recovery RSA) compared to non-using peers. This may suggest that recovery RSA is a relevant index of emotion regulation related to risk behaviors, as emotional triggers often occur in rapid succession in real-world risk situations. The proposed study will prospectively examine RSA's utility in predicting adolescent risk behaviors (substance use and sexual risk) among a sample of 280 early adolescents (ages 12.0-12.5 years) for a period of 24 months. We will also evaluate whether emotion regulation in the context of a substance use and sexual risk-taking situation (the virtual reality party) is more useful in predicting risk behavior than a computer risk-taking task (the Balloon Analogue Risk Task). We also will examine strategies for defining recovery RSA, given inconsistencies in the current literature. The current proposal advances the field by combining virtual reality and RSA collection to assess emotion regulation with the aim of identifying markers of those most vulnerable to engaging in risk behaviors at an early age, thus innovating the science of prevention.