Neurobiological susceptibility to peer influence and drug use in adolescence

项目总结/摘要 令人震惊的数量的青少年将从事物质使用（包括酒精，烟草，大麻和 阿片类药物），这一事实具有严重的长期健康和社会影响。以来 大多数青少年开始与同龄人一起使用药物， 在物质使用的同龄人的背景下，影响敏感性提供了成功的关键途径 物质使用干预。我们先前的研究开发了一种独特的基于性能的实验 范式测量同伴影响的敏感性，发现个体差异的敏感性， 与青少年对同龄人物质使用的看法相互作用，以预测自己的物质使用 订婚然而，目前还不清楚为什么一些青少年比其他人更容易受到同伴的影响。 其他人，以及发展如何增加易感性的风险。这项工作将检查神经 与同伴影响易感性的个体差异相关。具体而言，我们将评估 神经网络内部和之间的功能连接如何增强对 社会奖励和惩罚，获得奖励和避免惩罚的动机，以及 社交他人与更大的同伴影响易感性相关。我们还将研究一个涉及 在执行控制作为一个保护因素，对以后的物质使用。使用两个队列，加速 纵向设计，包括青少年跨越年级6-12，我们将调查如何个别差异 在候选神经网络内部和之间的连接中， the context上下文of peers同行. 800名青少年（年龄11-13岁）将完成以下基线评估： 物质使用，和同侪影响的易感性，使用创新的实验范式。一个子集（n = 250)的初始样本将在第1年和第3年参与纵向基于任务的功能成像，以及 在随后的2-5年中每隔一年进行一次多波纵向评估， 获得关于青少年和同龄人在关键发展阶段的物质使用轨迹的广泛数据。 与物质使用有关的时期。通过描绘社会影响力的神经生物学标志， 敏感性，项目结果可以描述那些物质使用风险最大的人， 通过针对导致同伴影响敏感性的心理过程，为干预提供信息。

Project Summary/Abstract An alarming number of adolescents will engage in substance use (including alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and opioids) before they leave high school, a fact that has serious long-term health and societal impacts. Since most adolescents begin using substances with peers, an understanding of the processes that lead to peer influence susceptibility in the context of substance-using peers offers critical avenues for successful intervention in substance use. Our prior research developed a unique performance-based experimental paradigm for measuring peer influence susceptibility and found that individual differences in susceptibility interact with adolescents’ perceptions of their peers’ substance use to predict their own substance use engagement. However, it remains unclear why some adolescents are more susceptible to peer influence than others, and how development confers increased risk for susceptibility. This work will examine the neural correlates associated with individual differences in peer influence susceptibility. Specifically, we will assess how increased functional connectivity within and between neural networks subserving greater sensitivity to social rewards and punishments, motivation to attain rewards and avoid punishment, and representations of social others is associated with greater peer influence susceptibility. We will also examine a network involved in executive control as a protective factor against later substance use. Using a two-cohort, accelerated longitudinal design including adolescents spanning grades 6-12, we will investigate how individual differences in connectivity within and between candidate neural networks predict prospective substance use initiation in the context of peers. Eight hundred adolescents (age 11-13 years) will complete baseline assessments of substance use, and peer influence susceptibility using an innovative experimental paradigm. A subset (n = 250) of the initial sample will partake in longitudinal task-based functional imaging in year 1 and 3, as well as multi-wave longitudinal assessment occurring at one-year longitudinal intervals in subsequent years 2-5 to obtain extensive data on adolescents’ and peers’ substance use trajectories across a critical developmental period associated with substance use. By delineating the neurobiological markers of social influence susceptibility, project findings can characterize those individuals at greatest risk for substance use, which can inform interventions by targeting the psychological processes that contribute to peer influence susceptibility.