Hippocampo-cortical contributions to world building in freely behaving macaques

项目摘要/摘要 在复杂的、现实的、甚至是真实的世界中学习时，我们可以使用不同的 具有适应性的策略。对于大多数灵长类动物的大脑来说，适应意味着作为我们所在位置的函数进行调整 是什么，我们和谁在一起，有什么有用的东西在眼前或触手可及。学习理论，比如 补充学习系统(CLS)最初认为，海马体和新皮质 结构贡献了不同的计算来代表不同类型的记忆。这一理论依赖于 在很大程度上依赖于对这些区域神经元更精细结构的假设，主要是从 这些结构在大鼠中的知识，在某种程度上也是小鼠。 由于方法上的限制，在灵长类动物(人或猴子)身上测量精微回路是不可能的。 这些模型预测的计算量。这导致假设计算是 与啮齿动物相似，但啮齿动物在现实世界中的行为与灵长类动物非常不同。我们 建议检查这些假设，并通过无线记录来扩展和/或修订理论 在身临其境的真实世界中学习物体规则的猕猴。我们将使用高- 密度，多点记录在海马体内和周围，以测试记忆的两个主要方面 需要解决的理论。 首先，我们询问在支持发作中，两个主要的海马区-CA1输入是否有差异 和类别学习。这个问题源于我们扩展的CLS模型的一个未经测试的预测。 我们将无线记录猕猴对对象样本的分配做出决定的过程 (‘FauXna’)在其环境中设置的显示器上。该模型预测CA3-CA1输入为 尤其支持情节记忆所需的任意映射，而第三层 内嗅皮层的直接输入更多地参与了跨试验的信息整合，为 对象类别学习。利用高清晰度线阵，我们可以解析CA1树枝晶场 洋流以及多地点集合单位的活动，使我们能够第一次检验我们的预测。 其次，我们问海马体和连接的新皮质动力学是否在记忆中起作用 提取作为记忆年龄或任务的情节/语义性质的函数。我们将使用 闭环刺激，询问回忆过程中每个区域的必要性，以及记忆的作用 在记忆年龄和类型上，海马体和新皮质之间协调活动以进行回忆。 从这些实验中，我们将(1)澄清几种相互矛盾的劳动分工理论 跨内存网络中的节点，(2)创建这些节点的第一个概念微电路模型 灵长类动物大脑中的记忆系统，以及(3)与我们扩展的计算模型进行对比。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT When learning in complex, realistic, or even real worlds, we have the benefit of using different strategies adaptively. For most primate brains, adaptive means adjusting as a function of where we are, who we are with, and what things of use are in view or in reach. Learning theories like Complementary Learning Systems (CLS) originally suggested that the hippocampus and neocortical structures contributed distinct computations to represent different kinds of memory. This theory relied heavily on assumptions about the finer structure of neurons in these areas, built largely from knowledge of these structures in rats and to some extent mice. Methodological limitations have prevented measuring in primates (human or monkey) the fine circuit computations predicted by these models. This has led to assumptions that the computations are similar to those in rodents, yet rodents have very different real-world behaviors from primates. We propose to check these assumptions and extend and/or revise the theory, by recording wirelessly in macaques who learn rules about objects in an immersive, real-world enclosure. We will use high- density, multi-site recordings in and around the hippocampus to test two major aspects of memory theory in need of resolution. First, we ask if there are differences in the two main hippocampal-CA1 inputs in supporting episodic and category learning. This question derives from an untested prediction of our expanded CLS model. We will record wirelessly as macaques make decisions about the assignment of object exemplars (‘FauXna’) on displays set up in their environment. The model predicts that CA3-CA1 inputs are particularly supportive of the arbitrary mappings required for episodic memory, whereas layer III entorhinal cortex ‘direct’ inputs are more involved in integrating information across trials, affording object category learning. Using high-definition linear arrays, we can resolve CA1 dendritic field currents as well as multi-site ensemble unit activity, allowing us to test our prediction for the first time. Second, we ask if the hippocampal and connected neocortical dynamics play a role in memory retrieval as a function of either memory age or of the episodic/semantic nature of the task. We will use closed-loop stimulation to interrogate the necessity of each region during recall, and the role of coordinated activity between hippocampus and neocortex for recall, across memory age and type. From these experiments we will (1) disambiguate several competing theories of the division of labor across nodes in the memory network, (2) create the first conceptual microcircuit model of these memory systems in the primate brain, and (3) contrast with our expanded computational model.