Functional connectivity in primary visual cortex

项目总结 所有可以在视网膜上形成图像的动物，从苍蝇到人类，都需要大脑内外的通路来 处理视觉场景中的明暗特征。传统的教科书观点是，这些断断续续 视皮层中的通路完全汇聚，使神经元对刺激方向有选择性，但对刺激方向不变 刺激的极性和空间相位。与这种传统观点相反，我们最近的工作断断续续地证明了 视皮层中的通路分离，专精于不同的时空功能，并处理图像 彼此相对独立。此外，我们的初步结果表明，无论是在大脑皮层还是大脑皮层 路径对亮度范围的变化的反应非常不同，在我们的视觉中，亮度范围不断变化 从日出到日落的环境。根据我们的结果，我们假设亮度知觉起源于 从两个独立且相对独立的通道之间的相互作用出发，这些通道精致地 与自然场景中明暗特征的统计相匹配。这种时断时续的新理解 大脑皮层处理对人类亮度感知、图像脑处理分析具有重要意义 并有助于改进可用于管理人类视力疾病治疗的诊断工具。在这 提案中，我们将研究大脑皮层通路上和外如何相互作用来产生亮度感知，以及 这些相互作用如何随背景亮度、亮度范围和视杆/视锥视网膜比率的变化而变化 来采集图像样本。然后，我们将使用所有这些测量来开发复制人类的模型 比过去更准确的亮度感知和新的诊断工具 影响视网膜(如青光眼)和视觉皮质(如弱视)的疾病的视觉功能障碍。

PROJECT SUMMARY All animals that can form images in their retinas, from flies to humans, need ON and OFF brain pathways to process light and dark features in visual scenes. The traditional textbook view is that these ON and OFF pathways fully converge in visual cortex to make neurons selective to stimulus orientation but invariant to stimulus polarity and spatial phase. Against this traditional view, our recent work demonstrates that ON and OFF pathways segregate in visual cortex, specialize in different spatiotemporal functions, and process images relatively independently from each other. In addition, our preliminary results indicate that ON and OFF cortical pathways respond very differently to changes in luminance range, which varies continuously in our visual environment from sunrise to sunset. Based on our results, we hypothesize that luminance perception originates from the interaction between two separate and relatively independent ON and OFF pathways that are exquisitely matched to the statistics of light and dark features in natural scenes. This new understanding of ON and OFF cortical processing has important implications for human luminance perception, image brain processing analysis and could help improve the diagnostic tools available to manage treatment in human visual disease. In this proposal, we will investigate how ON and OFF cortical pathways interact to generate luminance perception, and how these interactions vary with background luminance, luminance range and the rod/cone retinal ratio available to sample the images. We will then use all these measurements to develop models that replicate human luminance perception more accurately than in the past and new diagnostic tools that measure human ON and OFF visual function in diseases that affect the retina (e.g. glaucoma) and visual cortex (e.g. amblyopia).