Neuronal mechanisms of selective attention in early vision

早期视觉选择性注意的神经机制

• 批准号: 8047980
• 负责人: Jose Manuel Alonso
• 金额: $ 34.16万
• 依托单位: STATE COLLEGE OF OPTOMETRY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-01 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8047980
• 关键词: Aging-Related Process; Area; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Biological; Blindness; Brain; Cells; Cerebral cortex; Color; Contrast Sensitivity; Data; Drug Delivery Systems; Elements; Frequencies; Future; Generations; Global Change; Goals; Health; Human; Image; Individual; Knowledge; Location; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Movement; Neighborhoods; Neurons; One-Step dentin bonding system; Patients; Peripheral; Phase; Play; Population; Property; Research; Role; Sampling; Space Perception; Specificity; Technology; Testing; Training; Traumatic Brain Injury; V1 neuron; Variant; Vision; Visual; Visual Perception; Visual attention; Width; area MT; area V1; attentional modulation; awake; cell type; clinically relevant; clinically significant; computerized data processing; distraction; excitatory neuron; extrastriate; inhibitory neuron; interest; neglect; new technology; novel; public health relevance; receptive field; response; selective attention; spatiotemporal; statistics; virtual; visual learning

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The mechanisms of selective attention have been intensively investigated over the past two decades. As a consequence, there is now a better understanding of the network of brain areas that are involved in visual attention and the responses of individual neurons to attentional shifts. Current models of attention are also one step closer to providing a general framework of attentional circuits that could have direct clinical significance. However, a major limitation of current models is the lack of cellular specificity. Most current models treat each cell within a given cortical area as if it was taken from a random sample of neurons that simply differ in the spatial location of their receptive fields and their selectivity for line orientation and direction of movement. The existence of different cell types with possible different functions is completely neglected. Neurons in different layers, neurons making local and long-range connections and, until very recently, inhibitory and excitatory neurons are all treated equally by models. The main goal of this proposal is to provide the biological data on cell selectivity that is needed to build more realistic and clinically relevant models of visual attention. We aim to characterize the different cell types that are involved in attentional networks in area V1. We also aim to identify populations of neurons with different functions in attention: those involved in enhancing vision at the focus of attention and those involved in suppressing distraction in surrounding areas. We will use state-of-the-art technology to densely sample individual neurons and populations of neurons through the cortical depths of area V1. Our novel technology allows us to study the properties of a given population of neurons for days or months, if necessary. We aim to take advantage of this technology to provide a detailed characterization of attention circuits at different cortical depths of area V1 and identify the task parameters that make attentional modulations strongest. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The results from this proposal are likely to have a significant impact in human health by providing a better understanding of the different cellular elements that make attentional circuits functional. Deficits in visual attention are common in traumatic brain injury, autism and the normal process of aging. Our results will help to develop better models that could be used to distinguish among the different attentional circuits that could be damaged and provide guidance for future treatments.

描述（由申请人提供）：在过去的二十年中，对选择性注意的机制进行了深入研究。结果，现在可以更好地理解与视觉关注有关的大脑区域网络以及单个神经元对注意力转移的反应。当前的关注模型也更近一步，即提供可能具有直接临床意义的注意力电路的一般框架。但是，当前模型的主要局限性是缺乏细胞特异性。大多数当前模型在给定的皮质区域内处理每个细胞，就好像是从随机的神经元样本中取出的，这些神经元在其接受场的空间位置及其对线方向和运动方向的选择性而有所不同。具有不同功能的不同细胞类型的存在被完全忽略。不同层的神经元，神经元建立局部和远距离连接，直到最近，抑制性和兴奋性神经元都通过模型平等处理。该提案的主要目标是提供有关细胞选择性的生物学数据，以建立更现实和临床相关的视觉关注模型。我们的目的是表征V1区域V1中注意网络中涉及的不同细胞类型。我们还旨在确定注意力不同的神经元人群：参与注意力的焦点和抑制周围地区分心的神经元的群体。我们将使用最先进的技术通过区域V1的皮质深度来密集地品尝神经元的单个神经元和种群。我们的新技术使我们能够在必要时研究给定的神经元群体数天或几个月的特性。我们旨在利用这项技术在区域V1的不同皮层深度上提供详细的注意电路表征，并确定使注意调制最强的任务参数。 公共卫生相关性：该提案的结果可能会通过更好地了解使注意电路起作用的不同细胞元素，从而对人类健康产生重大影响。视觉注意力缺陷在创伤性脑损伤，自闭症和正常衰老过程中很常见。我们的结果将有助于开发更好的模型，这些模型可以用来区分可能受损的不同注意电路并为将来的治疗提供指导。