A randomized clinical trial: Examining a brief parent-intervention to reduce college student drinking and cannabis use

摘要 大学生危险饮酒和使用大麻是主要的公共卫生问题。几乎80%的大学 学生们报告说在过去的一年里饮酒，超过三分之一的人报告说在过去的一年里大量饮酒。 过去的一个月。报告还显示，大学是吸食大麻的高危窗口。这是非常令人担忧的 考虑到当今大麻的效力已显著增加，大麻的使用和 后果也有所上升，由于美国各地合法化程度的提高，可获得性继续增长。 此外，一些研究表明，同时使用酒精和大麻(两者都使用)的情况有所增加 物质在同一天)，这导致更多的问题相比，纯酒精或 仅限大麻使用。我们对大学生进行的简短的家长干预显示出了减少 危险饮酒，但目前没有涉及大麻使用或酒精联合使用的内容，以及 大麻。我们对文献和正在进行的研究的回顾表明，目前还没有研究 这一年龄组减少大麻使用的父母干预的有效性。拟议的研究将解决 这一遗漏，遏制了上述有问题的趋势，并通过测试修改后的 我们的父母干预版本，包括让父母更广泛地讨论酒精的内容 和大麻使用(称为e-PBI+)。评估大学生对大麻家长干预的兴趣 材料，我们对40名大学健康管理人员进行了一项试点调查，所有40人都表示他们有一种 需要并将实施包括大麻内容的家长干预(见支持函)。 然后，我们对e-PBI+(与控制条件相比)进行了一项试验性RCT研究，并初步观察到 证据表明，家长们发现了e-pbi+‘S额外的大麻内容有趣而有用，与 他们的学生很受欢迎，更重要的是，学生不太可能使用大麻 干预后。综上所述，这些数据为进一步审查e-PBI+提供了支持。我们的 建议的研究将使用严格的随机对照试验设计来检查：1)e-PBI+在3、6、9和12岁时的有效性 相对于积极比较条件的基线后几个月(我们的循证父母干预， E-PBI)和注意力匹配控制条件(e-AC)，关于减少酒精和大麻的使用和 结果(有效性；目标1)；2)检查e-PBI+影响父母和大学的过程 学生的行为(中介；目标2)；以及3)检查e-PBI+对其多与少的子组 有效(适度；目标3)。如果研究成功，它将提供一个易于实施的 以及低成本的父母干预，为父母提供新的大麻内容，以便与他们的 即将上大学的青少年对酒精和大麻的了解。

Abstract College students’ risky drinking and cannabis use are major public health problems. Almost 80% of college students report consuming alcohol in the past year and more than 1 in 3 report heavy episodic drinking in the past month. Reports also show that college is a high-risk window for cannabis use. This is highly concerning considering that the potency of present-day cannabis has markedly increased, cannabis use and consequences have also risen, and availability continues to grow due to increased legalization across the U.S. Further, a number of studies have shown an increase in co-use of alcohol and cannabis (use of both substances in the same day), which results in significantly more problems compared to either alcohol-only or cannabis-only use. Our brief parent-based intervention for college students has shown efficacy in reducing risky drinking, but it does not currently have content to address cannabis use or co-use of alcohol and cannabis. Our review of the literature and research in progress reveals there are no studies examining the efficacy of parent interventions to reduce cannabis use in this age group. The proposed research will address this omission, curb the problematic trends noted above, and move the field forward by testing a modified version of our parent-intervention that includes content for parents to have broader discussions about alcohol and cannabis use (referred to as e-PBI+). To assess interest in the college-level cannabis parent-intervention materials, we conducted a pilot survey of 40 college health administrators and all 40 indicated that they have a need for and would implement a parent-intervention that included content on cannabis (see letters of support). We then conducted a pilot RCT study on the e-PBI+ (versus a control condition) and observed preliminary evidence that parents found the e-PBI+’s additional cannabis content interesting and useful, conversations with their students were well received, and more importantly, students were less likely to engage in cannabis use post-intervention. Taken together, these data provide support for further examination of the e-PBI+. Our proposed study will use a rigorous RCT design to examine: 1) The efficacy of the e-PBI+ at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-baseline relative to an active comparison condition (our evidence-based parent intervention, the e-PBI), and an attention-matched-control condition (e-AC), on reducing alcohol and cannabis use and consequences (efficacy; Aim 1); 2) Examine the process by which the e-PBI+ influences parents’ and college students’ behaviors (mediation; Aim 2); and 3) Examine subgroups for whom the e-PBI+ is more versus less effective (moderation; Aim 3). To the extent that the research is successful, it will provide an easy to implement and low-cost parent-intervention that provides new cannabis content for parents to have discussions with their college-bound teens about alcohol and cannabis.