Development of a behavioral economic intervention with personalized resource allocation feedback to reduce young adult alcohol misuse

摘要 对于大多数人来说，酒精在整个生命过程中的使用在青壮年达到顶峰，并在此期间使用 发展阶段伴随着许多后果和社会代价。个性化反馈 干预措施(PFI)是减少青少年酗酒最有效的干预措施之一， 然而，关于影响的大小和持续时间以及全氟甲烷指数在多大程度上仍然存在问题。 年轻人的兴趣(YA)。以前的研究表明，YA倾向于在实践中提供反馈 包括酒类财务支出在内的信息。行为经济学模型假设酒精滥用 以过度估价酒精和分配给酒精的资源(即，花费的金钱和时间)为索引 酒精)，相当多的研究支持这些模型。尽管一些PFI包含以下信息 与酒精相关的资源分配，往往不是反馈的主要焦点，也不是个性化的 YAS报告的个人利益或财务目标通常非常简短，范围有限，并提供 在广泛的时间范围内提供反馈。这项拟议的研究旨在开发一个全面的网络- 基于资源分配的PFI(RA-PFI)，汇总了YAS的日常财务状况和分配给酒精的时间- 与每周个性化信息相关的活动，这些信息是针对个人的个人财务和 时间分配目标。RA-PFI将专门针对行为经济风险因素而开发 被证明与酒精滥用有关，包括酒精需求(例如，关于总体和 酒类财务支出高峰期)、延迟折扣(例如，关于酒类支出的反馈 即时奖励[酒精]与延迟奖励[节省])和时间分配(例如，关于花费在 酒精VS无酒精活动)。为此，第一阶段将包括关于发展 RA-PFI，包括评估年轻人对特定RA反馈成分的偏好的定性工作。 第二阶段将是一项试点研究，将150名年轻的成年饮酒者(年龄在21-29岁)随机分配到RA-PFI组 干预(n=75)或仅评估对照(n=75)条件，并将完成在线基线 评估，3周的每日资源分配评估和每周的个性化反馈，以及1- 以及为期3个月的跟踪在线评估。RA-PFI中的人员将每周收到关于以下方面的个性化反馈 酒精使用的行为经济指数，包括消费模式、支出、时间分配和 朝着财务目标努力的进展。我们将测试RA-PFI的可行性和接受性，并 检查对酒精使用的干预效果、相关后果和行为经济学指标 酗酒。这些发现具有重要的公共健康影响，因为我们将开发、完善和测试 以理论和经验为目标的高传播潜力和感兴趣的干预措施 支持行为经济风险因素，以减少青少年酗酒。

ABSTRACT Alcohol use across the life course peaks for most individuals in young adulthood, and use during this developmental period is associated with numerous consequences and societal costs. Personalized feedback interventions (PFIs) are among the most effective interventions for reducing young adult alcohol misuse, however questions remain regarding the magnitude and duration of effects and the extent to which PFIs are of interest to young adults (YAs). Previous studies have demonstrated YA preferences for feedback on practical information including financial expenditures on alcohol. Behavioral economic models posit that alcohol misuse is indexed by an excessive valuation of alcohol and resources allocated to alcohol (i.e., money and time spent on alcohol), and considerable research supports these models. Although some PFIs include information on alcohol-related resource allocation, they are often not the primary focus of feedback, are not personalized to YAs’ reported personal interests or financial goals, are often very brief and limited in scope, and provide feedback in reference to broad timeframes. This proposed research aims to develop a comprehensive web- based Resource Allocation PFI (RA-PFI) that summarizes YAs’ daily finances and time allocated to alcohol- related activities with weekly personalized information tailored to an individual’s own personal financial and time allocation goals. The RA-PFI will be developed to specifically target behavioral economic risk factors shown to be associated with alcohol misuse, including alcohol demand (e.g., feedback regarding overall and peak financial expenditures on alcohol), delay discounting (e.g., feedback regarding expenditures on immediate rewards [alcohol] vs. delayed rewards [savings]) and time allocation (e.g., feedback on time spent in alcohol vs. alcohol-free activities). To do so, Phase 1 will include formative research on the development of the RA-PFI, including qualitative work assessing young adult preference for specific RA feedback components. Phase 2 will be a pilot study where 150 young adult drinkers (ages 21-29) will be randomized to an RA-PFI intervention (n=75) or an assessment only control (n=75) condition and will complete an online baseline assessment, 3-weeks of daily assessments on resource allocation and weekly personalized feedback, and 1- and 3-month follow-up online assessments. Those in the RA-PFI will receive weekly personalized feedback on behavioral economic indices of alcohol use including spending patterns, expenditures, time allocation, and progress working towards financial goals. We will test the feasibility and acceptability of the RA-PFI and examine intervention effects on alcohol use, related consequences, and behavioral economic indices of alcohol misuse. Findings have important public health implications as we will develop, refine, and test an intervention with high potential for dissemination and interest to YAs by targeting theoretically and empirically supported behavioral economic risk factors to reduce young adult alcohol misuse.