Attention-based neural response to threat moderates the expression of BI

项目总结/摘要 研究项目：行为抑制（BI）是一种行为特征， 在新的情况下的不适，如去一个新的地方或会见一个新的人。 尽管BI被认为是社交焦虑最强的早期指标之一， 在儿童期后期，许多患有BI的幼儿并没有发展出一种内在的 disorder.为了更好地了解这一风险标志物的多种结果，本研究 利用一项大型（N = 326）预先建立的纵向研究， BI的认知和神经过程，特别是异常的威胁反应。为此，我将 评估BI（在婴儿期和幼儿期评估）与焦虑症状之间的关系 （在3岁和5岁时进行评估;目标1）。接下来，我将确定注意力- 基于神经反应的威胁和焦虑症状使用同时功能近- 红外光谱（fNIRS）和眼动跟踪范例（aim 2）。最后，我将研究如果和 注意神经反应的个体差异如何调节BI的表达 预测儿童期焦虑情绪（aim 3）。这项调查与 因为大约三分之一的美国人会患上焦虑症， 在他们的一生中。因此，了解核心流程之前和期间， 焦虑症的症状首次出现提供了一个易于处理的方法来扰乱焦虑 生命周期的轨迹。 培训：由赞助商纳尔逊（专业 发展认知神经科学）和共同发起人Bosquet Enlow（儿童 焦虑症）在波士顿儿童医院/哈佛医学院将支持我的 方法论和理论知识，以最好地准备我，以确保和 成功地在一所研究型大学获得终身职位。

Project Summary/Abstract Research Project: Behavioral Inhibition (BI) is a behavioral trait marked by enhanced discomfort during novel situations, such as going to a new place or meeting a new person. Though BI has been recognized as one of the strongest early indicators of social anxiety disorders later in childhood, many toddlers with BI do not go onto develop an internalizing disorder. To better understand the multiple outcomes of this risk marker the present study leverages a large (N = 326) pre-established longitudinal study to examine the underlying cognitive and neural processes of BI, specifically aberrant threat responding. To this end, I will assess the relation between BI (assessed at infancy and toddlerhood) and anxiety symptoms (assessed at 3 and 5 years of age; aim 1). Next, I will determine the link between attention- based neural response to threat and anxiety symptoms using a simultaneous functional Near- Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and eye tracking paradigm (aim 2). Finally, I will examine if and how individual differences in attention based neural responding moderates the expression of BI to predict childhood anxiety symptomology (aim 3). This investigation is of great relevance to public health because approximately one in three Americans will develop an anxiety disorder during their lifetime. Therefore, understanding core processes prior to and during the time when symptoms of anxiety disorders first emerge provides a tractable approach to disrupting anxiety trajectories across the lifespan. Training: The unparalleled training and mentorship provided by Sponsor Nelson (expert in developmental cognitive neuroscience) and Co-Sponsor Bosquet Enlow (expert in childhood anxiety disorders) at Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical school will bolster my methodological and theoretical knowledge in order to best prepare me to secure and successfully carryout a tenure track position at a research university.