Drivers and consequences of introgression in evolution

背景：基因渗入的重要性，等位基因迁移的进化过程， 物种通过杂交，被争论了几十年。基因组测序显示，基因渗入是普遍的， 真核生物考虑到它的流行，我们必须确定调节它的环境和基因组因素。 发生。 广泛、长期的目标：了解物种如何形成和在自然界中持续存在是 进化遗传学由于物种形成涉及到血统之间渐渗的减少，这个问题 需要了解当物种具有遗传多样性时，调节基因交换的因素。 有机会混种。我们对果蝇杂交区的研究计划有可能揭示 物种的形成以及基因渗入在进化中的重要性。 问题和方法：作为一个领域，我们意识到基因渗入在自然界中是常见的。的时机已经成熟 了解决定等位基因是否可以跨越物种界限并因此服务于 作为适应的原材料。我们建议的研究福尔斯三个不同的类别。一是 研究多个物种中渐渗等位基因沿着空间和时间的动态。我们已经定位了 以及一个混合区的时间戳收集，这将提供第一个同类证据，以确定如何 基因渗入在短时间内（10年内）变化。第二，我们将评估实验性的 杂交群体可以告知天然存在的杂交群体的组成。最后，我们将使用 遗传嵌合体来研究渗入等位基因的表型结果。我的团队在方法上很有经验 发展分析基因组数据，进化过程的遗传分析和实验进化 这使得我们非常适合研究哪些因素决定了哪些等位基因可以跨越物种界限。 与人类健康的相关性：了解遗传变异的来源是了解新的 表型出现。来自亲本补助金的工作表明，渐渗是一个重要的来源， 包括人类病原体在内的许多生物体的变异。这一更新提出了比较方法， 鉴定多个分类群中的基因渗入位点，其中一些含有病原体或为载体物种。 了解环境和人为因素如何影响致病基因的交换， 病媒的行为与气候变化中的人类健康有关。 影响：该提案的结果将产生广泛有用的方法和数据集， 除了帮助理解在多个进化尺度上的基因渗入过程之外。重要的是 拟议中的研究将该领域从对特定物种间渐渗的零碎评估 配对到一个综合的方法，试图了解如何与环境的过程相互作用， 真核生物之间是否存在共性

Background: The importance of introgression, the evolutionary process by which alleles migrate between species via hybrids, was debated for decades. Genome sequencing revealed introgression to be pervasive in eukaryotes. Given its prevalence, we must determine the environmental and genomic factors that regulate its occurrence. Broad, long-term objective: Understanding how species form and persist in nature is a premier goal of evolutionary genetics. Since speciation involves the reduction of introgression between lineages, this question necessitates an understanding of the factors that regulate gene exchange that occurs when species have the chance to interbreed. Our research program on Drosophila hybrid zones has the potential of revealing how species form and what is the importance of introgression in evolution. Questions and approach: As a field, we are aware that introgression is common in nature. The time is ripe to understand what are the factors that determine whether an allele can cross species boundaries and thus serve as raw material for adaptation. The research we are proposing falls into three different categories. First, we will investigate the dynamics of introgressed alleles along space and time in multiple species. We have geolocated and timestamped collections from a hybrid zone which will offer the first evidence of its kind to determine how introgression varies over short periods of time (within 10 years). Second, we will assess whether experimental hybrid populations can inform the composition of naturally occurring hybrid populations. Finally, we will use genetic chimeras to study the phenotypic outcomes of introgressed alleles. My group has expertise in method development to analyze genomic data, genetic analysis of evolutionary processes, and experimental evolution which makes us well-suited to study what factors determine which alleles can cross species boundaries. Relevance to human health: Understanding the source of genetic variation is key to understand how new phenotypes arise. Work from the parent grant demonstrated that introgression is an important source of variation in many organisms, including human pathogens. This renewal proposes comparative approaches to identify introgressed loci in multiple taxa, some of which harbor pathogens or are vector species. Understanding how environmental and human factors influence the exchange of genes for pathogenicity or vector behavior has relevance to human health in a changing climate. Impact: The results from this proposal will generate methods and datasets that will be broadly useful, in addition to helping understand the process of introgression at multiple evolutionary scales. Importantly, the proposed research moves the field from piecemeal assessments of introgression across particular species pairs to a synthetic approach that tries to understand how the process interacts with the environment and whether there are commonalities to across eukaryotes.