MOLECULAR EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS OF COLOR VISION

我们的长期目标是了解遗传学、进化论和 颜色视觉的机制是由分子、 视网膜电描记术和统计学方法。我们目前的目标是 包括： 1.研究(A)红色和绿色的X连锁基因的起源 人类中的色素(视黄素)，以及(B)三者的古老 X连锁视蛋白基因座上的等位基因(红、黄、绿) 在松鼠猴(新大陆的一种猴子)身上。 2.(A)研究600bp序列位于4kb的假设 红色视蛋白基因的上游是一个基因座控制区，以及(B) 以确定上游500个BP区域的潜在监管位置 从每个视蛋白基因中。 3.找出是否(并解释为什么)蓝视 (常染色体)基因座在人类和松鼠猴子中是单态的， 与高度多态的X-连接色素的存在相反 人类和猴子的变异。 4.研究(A)颜色的结构/功能关系 色素蛋白，(B)Galago的夜间生活是否 粗尾猴(原猴)导致了宽松的选择压力 关于色视素基因，以及(C)色视素是否已经 树鼠(Tupaia Belangeri)是一种重铬酸盐动物，保存完好 非常适应白天的生活(&gt；96%的球果)。 为了实现这些目标，我们建议开展以下工作： 1.测定人类红光和绿光的(A)内含子2和4的序列 基因，(B)X连锁基因座上的红色、绿色和黄色等位基因 在松鼠猴子中，以及(C)在GAL AGO中的颜色视蛋白基因 和树鼠，包括它们各自的500bp启动子区域 吉恩。 2.确定它的存在，如果是，则对假设的 LCR区在松鼠猴、Galago和树鼠中。 3.测定15例人类蓝视蛋白基因的编码区序列 和15只松鼠猴子。测定各组分的光谱吸收峰 新的变种。 4.对新发布的视蛋白DNA进行统计分析 序列数据。

Our long-term goal is to understand the genetics, evolution and mechanism of color vision by a combination of molecular, electroretinographic, and statistical approaches. Our current aims are: 1. To study (a) the origin of X-linked genes for the red and green pigments (opsins) in humans, and (b) the antiquity of the three alleles (red, yellow and green) at the single X-linked opsin locus in the squirrel monkey (a New World monkey). 2. (a) To study the hypothesis that the 600 bp sequence located 4 kb upstream from the red opsin gene is a locus control region, and (b) to identify potential regulatory sites in the 500 bp region upstream from each opsin gene. 3. To find out whether (and to explain why) the blue opsin (autosomal) locus is monomorphic in humans and in squirrel monkeys, in contrast to the existence of highly polymorphic X-linked pigment variants in humans and monkeys. 4. To study (a) the structure/function relationships in color pigment proteins, (b) whether the nocturnal life of Galago crassicaudatus (a prosimian) has led to relaxed selection pressure on the color opsin genes, and (c) whether the color opsins have been well conserved in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri), a dichromat extremely well-adapted to diurnal life (>96% cones). To achieve these aims we propose to pursue the following work: 1. To sequence (a) introns 2 and 4 of the human red and green opsin genes, (b) the red, green and yellow alleles at the X-linked locus in squirrel monkeys, and (c) the color opsin genes in the gal ago and the tree shrew, including the 500 bp promoter region of each gene. 2. To determine its presence and, if so, to sequence the hypothesized LCR region in the squirrel monkey, the galago and the tree shrew. 3. To sequence the coding regions of the blue opsin gene in 15 humans and 15 squirrel monkeys. Determine the spectral absorption peak of each new variant. 4. To conduct statistical analyses of the new and published opsin DNA sequence data.