CHILDHOOD RISK FACTORS FOR ADULT MENTAL DISORDERS

这项前瞻性流行病学研究的目的是确定 儿童期攻击性和社交退缩是否是 成年期的精神疾病 此外，我们正在研究其他 消极的结果，如社会和职业适应不良， 与这些异常行为模式有关 四个分类组正在研究：个人谁作为儿童 有攻击性、孤僻或既有攻击性又孤僻， 这些人在儿童时期既不越轨， 特色 这些人最初是在中部被发现的。 儿童时期，年龄从6岁到13岁不等。 于本 在该项目的第一阶段，这些人处于成年早期，年龄从21岁到22岁不等。 到27年。 我们采用了多层次的数据收集策略， 资料来源：1）档案记录，2）非专业访问员对个人的访问 家庭，以确定精神病理学，并收集更多的信息， 预测精神痛苦，如生活压力和社会支持， 及3）参加者前往实验室进行精神科面谈 由经验丰富的临床医生进行，以获得详细的精神病学 诊断数据，并进行实验室测试，以获得有关 注意力缺陷经常与主要的 精神病理学 这项研究在大规模的前瞻性队列（1，774）中是不寻常的。 它可以检测精神疾病风险因素的升高， 患病率相对较高的疾病，如物质使用， 患病率相对较低的精神疾病，例如， 精神分裂症谱系障碍这项研究也不寻常， 风险群体中女性人数较多。 过去， 特别是在攻击性或行为障碍的研究中， 研究通常主要基于男性样本。 这项研究的早期成人阶段的时机是有利的。 我们有 评估早期成熟个体的机会。 结合 项目随后计划阶段的日期 个体经历主要精神病理学的最高风险期， 我们将能够追踪个体的发展， 因素，早期经验作为成年人预测精神病理学（例如， 生活压力），以确定发病年龄的成年精神 紊乱

The purpose of this prospective epidemiological study is to determine whether childhood aggression and social withdrawal are risk factors for mental illness in adulthood. In addition, we are examining whether other negative outcomes, such as social and occupational maladjustment are associated with these patterns of deviant behaviors. Four classification groups are being studied: individuals who as children were aggressive, withdrawn, or both aggressive and withdrawn, and a control sample of individuals who as children were not deviant on either characteristic. These individuals were initially identified in middle childhood when they ranged in age from 6 to 13 years. During the current phase of the project, the are in early adulthood, ranging in age from 21 to 27 years. We have adopted a multilevel data collection strategy, using as data sources 1) archival records, 2) visits by lay interviewers to individuals' homes to identify psychopathology and to collect additional information predictive of psychiatric distress, such as life stress and social support, and 3) visits by participants to the laboratory for psychiatric interviews conducted by experienced clinicians to obtain detailed psychiatric diagnostic data, and for laboratory tests to obtain information about attention deficits that are frequently associated with major psychopathology. This study is unusual in the large size of the prospective cohort (1,774). It makes it possible to detect elevations in risk factors for psychiatric disorders with relatively high prevalence, such as substance use, and for psychiatric disorders with relatively low prevalence, such as, schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The study is also unusual in having a large representation of females in the risk groups. In the past, particularly in the study of aggression or conduct disorders, it has been common for studies to be based predominantly on male samples. The timing of this early adult phase of the study is propitious. We have the opportunity to assess individuals in early maturity. Combined with date from subsequent planned phases of the project that will follow individuals through the period of highest risk for major psychopathology, we will be able to trace the development of individuals from childhood risk factors, to early experiences as adults predictive of psychopathology (e.g. life stress), to the identification of the age of onset of adult mental disorders.