CATEGORY REPRESENTATION AND PERCEPTION OF VARIABILITY

描述(改编自申请者摘要)：社会成见 可以被视为我们将自己和他人置于其中的社会类别。 虽然这些类别的使用可能会提高社交网络的效率 判断过程，刻板印象也有众所周知的有害影响， 例如，当个人被明确贬低时。为了 更充分地理解刻板印象，有必要理解社交 组被编码并在存储器中表示。建议的研究是 旨在澄清和扩展现有的模型，以表示 社会类别，特别关注 这些模型解释了群体变异性的感知差异。一个 拟议研究的次要目标是开发一种更充分的 代表性解释了组外同质性效应。 本文提出了四组研究。在第一项研究中，有三项研究 描述为研究熟悉性在社会发展中的作用 刻板印象和对群体可变性的看法。这些研究涉及 接下来是熟悉度的实验操作和小组调查 随着时间的推移，群体刻板印象的发展。第二套建议 研究的重点是确定受试者可能 在派生群体的变异性估计时使用。现有的模型 感知到的群体变异性对此做出了各种假设 这些研究将直接检查的计算程序。这个 第三组研究探讨了组内/组外在如何组中的差异 对信息进行编码和检索。调查人员假设 在编码和提取上的动机差异可能部分 解释了组外同质性效应。最后，第四套 研究集中在自我在形成群体判断中的作用 哪一个属于谁。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): Social stereotypes can be seen as social categories in which we place ourselves and others. While the use of such categories may increase the efficiency of social judgment processes, stereotypes also have well-known deleterious effects, such as when individuals are categorically derogated. In order to understand stereotypes more fully, it's necessary to understand how social groups are encoded and represented in memory. The research proposed is aimed at clarifying and extending existing models for the representation of social categories, with particular attention devoted to the ability of these models to account for perceived differences in group variability. A secondary goal of the proposed research is to develop a more adequate representational account for the out-group homogeneity effect. Four groups of studies are proposed. In the first, three studies are described to study the role of familiarity in the development of social stereotypes and the perception of group variability. These studies involve both experimental manipulations of familiarity and panel surveys to follow the development of group stereotypes over time. The second set of proposed studies focuses on identifying computational procedures that subjects might employ when deriving variability estimates of groups. Existing models of perceived group variability make a variety of assumptions about such computational procedures that these studies will directly examine. The third set of studies explores in-group/out-group differences in how group information is encoded and retrieved. The investigators posit a motivational difference at both encoding and retrieval that may partially account for the out-group homogeneity effect. Finally, the fourth set of studies focuses on the role of the self in forming judgments of groups to which one belongs.