BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF LOSS

描述(改编自申请者摘要)：今天，一个全面的 身体和心理疾病的风险因素清单必须包括 有起源的行为元素，至少对一些人来说，在早期 发展。早期社会创伤(S)和挑战(S)影响发展 在许多方面(例如，行为和生理上)的个体。作为 艾滋病毒感染在青少年人群中的发病率上升，特别是 那些有无数童年创伤的人，了解了 这些事件对病毒和抗病能力的影响越来越大 重要的是。与母亲的分离是发生的重大事件 经常是在开发过程中。这些分离的程度 影响后续母婴关系的经历在 确定任何生物行为长期后果的病因学 发展。本项目评估：1) 母亲分离经历后的母婴关系；2) 改变对新情况的行为反应，这可能与 分离史；3)长期诱导增强裂解肿瘤靶点 分离后的外周血淋巴细胞；4)变化 在淋巴细胞细胞因子的产生和释放模式中 增强的天然细胞毒性，最重要的是；5)评估 接种后疾病进展的相对风险 SIVsmE660基于早期的开发历史。这些变化的性质 单次短暂早期母体分离后免疫参数的观察 经验(例如，增强天然细胞毒性和减少抗体 反应)不适合关于疾病的显而易见的预测 风险。这些变化可以与它们自己协调一致，但它们可能 预测病毒抵抗力的增强和降低。一种方法是 解决这一困境是通过直接挑战的经验检验，例如 在此建议。不管结果如何，早期发展的作用是 缺乏适用于艾滋病研究的大多数模型，因此 应用程序试图提供该上下文。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): Today, a comprehensive list of risk factors for physical and psychological morbidity must include a behavioral element that has origins, at least for some individuals, early in development. Early social trauma(s) and challenges(s) affect the developing individual in many ways (e.g., behaviorally and physiologically). As the incidence of HIV infection rises in adolescent populations, particularly those with numerous childhood traumas, an understanding of the impact of these events on viral and disease resistance becomes increasingly more consequential. Separations from mother are significant events that occur frequently during development. The extent to which these separation experiences affect subsequent mother-infant relationships is important in determining etiology of any long term consequences for biobehavioral development. The present project evaluates: 1) changes in the mother-infant relationship subsequent to maternal separation experiences; 2) altered behavioral responses to novel situations that might be related to separation history; 3) long term induction of enhanced lysis tumor targets by periphal blood lymphocytes following a separation experience; 4) changes in patterns of lymphocyte cytokine production and release that contribute to the enhanced natural cytotoxicity, and most importantly; 5) evaluation of relative risk for progression of disease following inoculation with SIVsmE660 based on early development history. The nature of these changes in immune parameters observed after single brief early maternal separation experiences (e.g., enhanced natural cytotoxicity and reduced antibody responses) do not lend themselves to obvious predictions regarding disease risk. These changes can be reconciled with themselves but they potentially predict both enhanced and reduced viral resistance. One approach for resolving this dilemma is an empirical test via direct challenge such as proposed herein. Regardless of outcome, the role of early development is lacking in most models applied to AIDS research, and as such this application seeks to provide that context.