TONGUE/JAW LINKAGES IN FEEDING

这项研究的目的是描述舌头和下巴的运动 在进食过程中。以前对男性咀嚼的研究主要集中在 牙齿和下巴的运动，但舌头在食物中的作用 运输和定位以及吞咽的口腔阶段 被忽视了。下巴、舌头和上颚的运动具有特征性 猕猴和低等哺乳动物的花纹，这种花纹随 食物。我们的初步研究表明，人类也有类似的模式。我们会 通过确定空间和时间来扩展我们当前的研究 舌头和下颌运动周期之间的关系，以及这些运动是如何 受初始食物稠度和顺序阶段的影响(从 摄取到终端吞咽)。 我们将在侧方和后方使用视频透视。 研究40名吃软、硬固体的正常受试者的计划 食物。舌头表面会粘上不透射线的小记号。 来演示它的运动。20名受试者将有中线舌头 标记器和20个将有三角标记器。对于一半的受试者 在每组中，食物将与钡相结合，以揭示其运动 相对于口腔和咽部结构。丸剂的进展 通过食道和颌骨、舌骨的整体运动模式 骨骼和舌头将通过慢速观看录像带进行评估 动议。选定的序列将通过图像处理进行数字化 软件和颌骨、舌骨和舌骨的笛卡尔坐标 舌头、下巴参考点建立。将使用计算机图形学 以显示这些结构随时间的运动。数据分析将 建立颌骨、舌头和下颌的空间和时间关系 舌骨，以及它们是如何受到初始食物稠度的影响的 和阶段(从摄取到最终吞咽)。舌头在体内的运动 将分析冠状平面作为舌头旋转的量度 咀嚼。描述性和分析性统计将用于制定一项 舌颌行为的多元模型及对现有模型的检验 用于咀嚼和吞咽的神经控制。这一知识是 理解咀嚼和运动控制的基本原理 并最终将导致评价和评价方面的进展 吞咽困难患者的治疗。

The purpose of this study is to describe the motions of the tongue and jaw during feeding. Prior studies of mastication in man have focused on the motions of the teeth and jaws, but the role of the tongue in food transport and positioning and the oral stage of swallowing have been neglected. Motions of the jaw, tongue, and palate have characteristic patterns in macaque and lower mammals, which vary with the consistency of the food. Our preliminary studies show similar patterns in man. We will expand our current studies by determining the spatial and temporal relationships between tongue and jaw motion cycles, and how these motions are influenced by the initial food consistency and stage in sequence (from ingestion to terminal swallow). We will use videofluorography in the lateral and postero-anterior projections to study forty normal subjects eating soft and hard solid foods. Small radiopaque markers will be glued to the surface of the tongue to demonstrate its motions. Twenty subjects will have midline tongue markers and twenty will have triangulated markers. For half the subjects in each group, food will be combined with barium to reveal its movement relative to oral and pharyngeal structures. The progression of the bolus through the foodway and the overall movement patterns of the jaw, hyoid bone, and tongue will be evaluated by reviewing the videotapes in slow motion. Selected sequences will be digitized with image processing software and the Cartesian coordinates for the jaw, hyoid bone, and tongue, jaw reference points established. Computer graphics will be used to display motion of these structures over time. Data analysis will establish the spatial and temporal relationships of the jaw, tongue, and hyoid bone, and how these are influenced by both initial food consistency and stage (from ingestion to terminal swallow). Movements of the tongue in the coronal plane will be analyzed as a measure of tongue rotation during chewing. Descriptive and analytical statistics will be used to develop a multivariate model for tongue-jaw behavior and to examine current models for neural control of mastication and swallowing. This knowledge is essential to understanding the motor control for mastication and swallowing and will ultimately lead to progress in the evaluation and treatment of dysphagic individuals.