MECHANISMS OF SPEECH MOTOR CONTROL

拟议研究的总体目标仍然是确定 语音的基本控制过程和基本组织原则 制作。目前的提议反映了对以前的 通过包括一组合作者来进行项目，这些合作者将把 多样化和互补性的技能和理论方法 与语音运动控制相关的一些基本问题。这个 这项研究的动机是两个基本假设。第一，演讲产出 是一种按照一般原则运作的特殊行为 运动行为的特征。因此，语音运动控制和语音控制的研究 协调性提供了对基础神经系统的重要洞察 原则及其依赖于任务的适应。第二，为了 评估言语运动系统的基础中央组织，IT 有必要将实证研究与详细的建模相结合。这个 我们正在采取的方法是将建模研究与实证研究相结合 它测试了关于中央控制的假设。只有这样，它才是 可以将生理控制信号与剩余信号分开 生物物理系统的。 建议研究的具体目的是：L)确定学位 下巴、嘴唇和舌头的自由度，以表征 不同的自由度在其中的每一个内进行协调 并确定相关的肌电模式 通过这些基本的动作。将经验数据与计算机进行比较 基于平衡点(EP)假设的模拟，这使得 运动运动学和肌电图学的明确预测 模式。2)确定发音臂间的协调模式 关于函数主成分分析(Ramsay&Dalzell，1991)。这个 重点分析了运动之间的运动学协变模式 下巴、嘴唇和舌头的每个自由度。 检查下颌、嘴唇和关节架内运动的敏感度 从舌头到语音的语境。经验性目标转移研究和研究 它检查了关节架的位置，以及大小和 将运动方向与建模研究进行比较以确定 中心命令、工作空间几何图形和 咬合架动力学到每个关节架内的协同发音 嘴唇、下巴和舌头。4)继续开发生理模型 通过包括更多与生理相关的组件来实现下颌运动 模型，并结合来自肌电、运动学和 生物力学研究。最后，从所有人那里收集的数据 这项研究的组成部分将用于扩展当前的 包括嘴唇和舌头的下颌运动的生理模型和 归根结底，他们的动态互动。

The overall objective of the proposed research continues to be to identify basic control processes and fundamental organizing principles for speech production. The present proposal reflects an expansion of the previous project by including a group of collaborators that together will bring diverse and complementary skills and theoretical approaches to bear on some fundamental problems associated with speech motor control. The research is motivated by two basic assumptions. First, speech production is a specialized behavior that functions according to general principles of motor behavior. Thus, investigations of speech movement control and coordination provide important insight into fundamental nervous system principles and their task-dependent adaptations. Second, in order to assess the underlying central organization of the speech motor system, it is necessary to combine empirical studies with detailed modeling. The approach we are taking combines modeling studies with empirical studies which test assumptions about central control. Only in this way is it possible to separate the physiological control signals from the remainder of the biophysical system. The specific aims of the proposed research are: l) To identify the degrees of freedom for jaw, lips and tongue, to characterize how motions in different degrees of freedom are coordinated within each of these articulators , and to identify the electromyographic patterns associated with these basic motions. Empirical data are compared with computer simulations based on the equilibrium point (EP) hypothesis, which makes explicit predictions of both motion kinematics and electromyographic patterns. 2) To determine patterns of inter-articulator coordination based on functional principal component analyses (Ramsay & Dalzell, 1991). The analysis focuses on the patterns of kinematic co-variation among motions of the jaw, lips and tongue in each of their degrees of freedom .3) To examine the sensitivity of intra-articulator motions of the jaw, lips, and tongue to phonetic context. Empirical target shift studies and studies that examine the positions of articulators, and the magnitude and direction of motions are compared with modeling studies to determine the relative contributions of central commands, workspace geometry and articulator dynamics to intra-articulator coarticulation of each of the lips, jaw and tongue. 4) To continue development of a physiological model of jaw movement by including more physiologically-relevant components to the model and incorporating data from the EMG, kinematic, and biomechanical investigations. Finally the data collected in from all components of this research will be used to expand the current physiological model of jaw motion to include the lips and tongue and ultimately their dynamic interaction.