MAMMALIAN GENES ENCODING ENHANCER OF SPLIT GROUCHO PROTEIN

在果蝇中，神经发生是在 控制几个基因座，包括Split的增强子，其产物 似乎决定了胚胎期间神经外胚层细胞的命运 发展。这些基因似乎在 除了神经发生外，还有精子发生。编码该基因的DNA 裂解Groucho增强子(ESG)及其相关氨基末端(AES) 从人、小鼠和非洲爪哇中分离出蛋白质并进行了序列测定。这个 ESG蛋白由771个氨基酸组成，而AES蛋白包含 由197个氨基酸组成。发现这些aes蛋白大约有50%。 果蝇Split增强子氨基末端区域的同源性 格劳乔蛋白。人类的AES和两个ESG基因已经用人类 和中国仓鼠杂交细胞系到19、9和15号染色体， 分别进行了分析。用荧光法进一步定位人的AES基因 染色体19p13.3带的原位杂交及其 蛋白质编码序列被6个内含子打断。Northern印迹 分析表明，2.8kb的ESG1、ESG2的广泛RNA表达 在非洲爪哇成体组织中发现3.6kb和2.2kb的转录本， 而2.8kb的ESG1和2.2kb的AES转录本 在非洲爪哇发育中的胚胎中普遍表达。这个 分析了这些基因之间的进化关系。 脊椎动物ES和ESG蛋白在发育过程中的生理功能(S) 精子发生、卵子发生和胚胎发生，包括神经发生 正在接受调查。

In the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, neurogenesis is under the control of several loci, including Enhancer of split, whose products appear to determine the fate of neuroectodermal cells during the embryo development. These genes appear to play significant roles in spermatogenesis in addition to neurogenesis. The cDNAs encoding the enhancer of split groucho (ESG) and its related amino-terminal (AES) proteins were isolated and sequenced from human, mouse and Xenopus. The ESG proteins consist of 771 amino-acids, while the AES proteins contain 197 amino-acids. The AES proteins were found to exhibit approximately 50% identity to the amino-terminal region of Drosophila enhancer of split groucho protein. Human AES and two ESG genes have been mapped using human and Chinese hamster hybrid cell lines to chromosomes 19, 9 and 15, respectively. Human AES gene was further localized by fluorescence in-situ hybridization to chromosome band 19p13.3, and its protein-encoding sequence is interrupted by six introns. Northern blot analysis showed that widespread RNA expression of ESG1 of 2.8kb, ESG2 of 3.6kb and SES of 2.2kb transcripts were seen in adult Xenopus tissues, whereas ESG1 and AES transcripts of 2.8kb and 2.2kb, respectively, were ubiquitously expressed in the developing Xenopus embryos. The evolutionary relationships among these AES and ESG genes were analyzed. The physiological function(s) of vertebrate AES and ESG proteins during spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and embryogenesis, including neurogeneis, are being investigated.