AGING AND FITNESS EFFECTS ON PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE

这项建议的长期目标是确定可能与老年人的健康和有效功能增强有关的因素。以前的研究表明，体育活动可以影响老年人的认知和运动能力。这些表现上的差异与生活满意度的下降、行动和社交活动的限制、抑郁症的增加以及因跌倒而受伤的发生率直接相关。拟议的项目将分离刺激-反应关系的组成部分，以确定可能受衰老影响的确切基因座，并进一步确定哪些基因座通过有氧健身得到改善。为了实现这一目标，将使用三刺激范式（S1-S2-S3）来检测四组个体的事件相关电位（即CNV， SPN和P3）和反应时间（RT）：老年人和年轻人的体力活动和久坐的成年人。以往的研究表明，这些诱发电位指标反映刺激-反应关系的差异，其中SPN反映刺激预期，CNV反映刺激定向和运动准备，P3振幅和潜伏期分别反映情境更新和认知加工速度。S1将是一个视觉警告刺激，提供信息，说明即将到来的S2任务是容易还是困难。S2将是一个辨别任务，在这个任务中，参与者将被要求做出决定，但要等到S3出现时再做出选择RT反应。假设年龄对所有ERP振幅（即SPN、CNV和P3）和潜伏期（即P3和RT）都有主要影响。进一步假设，身体活动水平将与年龄相互作用，导致所有测量的振幅增加和潜伏期缩短。据建议，这项研究的结果将有助于提高我们对老年人健康的认识。

The long-term goals of this proposal are to identify factors that may be related to the increased health and effective functioning of older individuals. Physical activity has been previously shown to affect efficiency of cognitive and motor performance in older adults. These differences in performance are directly related to decreased life satisfaction, restrictions in mobility and social activity, increases in depression, and the incidence of injury due to falls. The proposed project will isolate components of the stimulus-response relationship to determine the exact loci that may be affected by aging and, further, which loci are ameliorated by aerobic fitness. To achieve this goal, a three-stimulus paradigm (S1-S2-S3) will be used to examine event-related potentials (i.e., CNV, SPN, and P3) and reaction time (RT) in four groups of individuals: older and younger physically active and sedentary adults. Previous research has indicated that these evoked potential measures differentially index the stimulus-response relationship, with the SPN reflecting stimulus anticipation, CNV indexing both stimulus orienting and motor preparation, and P3 amplitude and latency reflecting context updating and cognitive processing speed, respectively. The S1 will be a visual warning stimulus that provides information as to whether the upcoming task at S2 will be easy or difficult. S2 will be a discrimination task in which the participant will be instructed to make a decision but to hold their response until the presentation of S3, at which point they will make a choice RT response. It is hypothesized that a main effect for age will occur for all ERP amplitudes (i.e., SPN, CNV, and P3), and latencies (i.e., P3 and RT). It is further hypothesized that physical activity levels will interact with age resulting in increased amplitude and shorter latencies for all measures. It is proposed that the results of this fellowship will aid in advancing our knowledge concerning the health of older adults.