MONOCULAR DISTANCE PERCEPTION FOR REACHING AND GRASPING

描述（申请人摘要）：许多研究表明， 对物体的距离和形状的视觉感知。 鉴于 这个人是怎么成功的达到抓物的呢？ 的稳定性 触及也是有争议的，因为触及没有触觉反馈会漂移 与物体接触。 此前，调查人员曾辩称， 校准是确定距离感知的基本组成部分。 然而，触觉形状感知的研究也揭示了扭曲 in perceived感知shape形状. 他们将研究触觉和视觉感知 自我中心的距离和形状相结合，使稳定和准确的 伸手去抓 与会者将看到目标领域， 然后在参与者进行盲测之前被实验者移除 到达。 参与者将到达离中心距离较小的地点 到目标球体的前面、后面、顶部或底部，或到达位置 在球体的表面。 在某些情况下，参与者将 允许触觉反馈和其他不允许。 他们将调查 稳定性基于触觉信息沿着和视觉是否不稳定 一旦触觉反馈被移除就到达。 他们将调查，如果 连续可见表面的存在促进了 跨越到达空间的触觉校准。 调查人员将检查 抓握是否比伸手更准确和稳定。 最后，他们将研究由头部产生的单眼光流 运动 据估计，总人口的20% 实际上是单眼的。 最佳的单目距离感知是 通过自运动产生的光流实现。 他们会用头 安装计算机图形显示器，以重新调整光学元件之间的关系， 流动和自我运动，并使用重新缩放来研究轨迹， 校准的特异性。 这项研究计划是独一无二的， 注意手动活动的知觉和运动方面， 空间行为固有的多模态特征。 通过研究 视觉、触觉和运动控制的综合功能， 研究人员希望能够从根本上理解 有效的空间行为。

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): Many studies have revealed distortions in the visual perception of the distance and shape of objects. In view of this, how do people successfully reach to grasp objects? The stability of reaching is also at issue because reaching drifts without haptic feedback from contact with objects. Previously, the investigators have argued that calibration is an essential component of definite distance perception. However, studies of haptic shape perception have also revealed distortions in perceived shape. They will investigate how haptic and visual perception of egocentric distance and shape are combined to allow stable and accurate reaching and grasping. Target spheres will be viewed by participants and then removed by the experimenter before the participant performs blind reaches. Participants will reach to locations at small exocentric distances to the front, back, top, or bottom of a target sphere or reach to location on the surface of the sphere itself. In some conditions, participants will be allowed haptic feedback and in other not. They will investigate stability based on haptic information along and whether vision destabilizes reaching once haptic feedback is removed. They will investigate if the presence of a continuous visible surface facilitates generalization of haptic calibration across reach space. The investigators will examine whether grasping allows greater accuracy and stability than reaching. Finally, they will investigate monocular optic flow generated by head movement. Twenty percent of the general population is estimated to be effectively monocular. The best monocular perception of distance is achieved via optic flow generated by self-motion. They will use head mounted computer graphics displays to rescale the relation between optic flow and self-motion and use the rescaling to investigate the locus and specificity of calibration. This program of research is unique in it attention to both the perceptual and motor side of manual activity and to the inherently multimodal character of spatial behavior. By studying the integrated function of vision and haptics and motor control the investigators hope to generate fundamental understanding of functionally effective spatial behaviors.