Re-making the Gorale: regional identity, European Union cultural policy and new models of 'entrepreneurial' citizenship in the Carpathian Borderlands

职务名称：重新制作Gorale：喀尔巴阡边疆地区的区域认同、欧盟文化政策和“企业家”公民身份的新模式。持续时间：1st November，2010 - 1st August，2011.概要1989年中欧和东欧共产主义政权的垮台引发了民族主义和民族主义情绪的复苏，人们普遍认为共产主义是外国强加的，这推动了国家的回归。然而，在东方集团解体20年后，作为政治和文化实体的地区的加强威胁到民族国家作为文化和种族认同起源的明确地位。这项研究提出审查这一最新的发展，并试图了解区域身份，欧盟的文化政策和新的模式之间的关系“创业”公民在西里西亚Beskids，南部波兰的边境地区。总体目标是记录和理解“企业家”公民身份的模式是如何被积极地挪用并付诸实践的地方和区域身份。这项工作侧重于三个主要的调查领域。第一个是在波兰后社会主义经济结构调整的框架内，“文化资本主义”在创造微型企业、就业机会和文化政策方面的作用。第二，欧洲联盟的文化政策及其相应的公民身份模式对于发展这种创业活动所支持的区域特性的重要性。最后，研究质疑这种新的公民参与、归属和身份模式挑战波兰民族国家政治、官僚和文化霸权的能力。这些问题是随着我目前的研究项目花边和放荡的成熟而出现的：共享知识的政治，由纳菲尔德基金会资助。这项研究最初是为了考察经济转型政策如何影响波兰南部科尼亚库夫的创新、小规模创业以及传统手工艺工人（花边制造商）专业知识政治的变化。然而，在该地区的长期实地考察表明，在西里西亚的贝斯基德人中，宗教主义和欧洲一体化正被明确地接受为重新发现和复兴高地（Górale）文化、传统和方言的道路。与此同时，正在寻求超国家组织的文化资助，以开展活动，加强与斯洛伐克共和国和捷克共和国边界另一边的Górale群体的族裔和文化联系。突出这一进程的一个例子是1999年奥匈帝国杜克多姆公国的切申西里西亚作为“欧元区”的复活。这些措施强调了区域特征的文化和历史完整性，同时在奥匈帝国古老的多民族政治形态与欧洲联盟之间建立了概念上的联系。利用当代官僚主义，Górale团体正在重新想象和恢复历史领土，边界以及种族和语言社区。这些发展共同提出了公民身份、公民参与和归属感的替代模式，所有这些都挑战了民族国家的政治、官僚和文化霸权。计划的六个月实地研究和档案工作将在拟议的开始日期之前完成。因此，寻求研究金的主要目的是分析、撰写和传播研究成果，以及以牛津大学跨学科领域研究学院主办的主题研讨会的形式围绕这些问题开展学术辩论。

Title: 'Re-making the Gorale: Regional Identity, European Union cultural policy and new models of 'entrepreneurial' citizenship in the Carpathian borderlands. Duration: 1st November, 2010 - 1st August, 2011.SummaryThe fall of Communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe in 1989 sparked a resurgence of nationalism and nationalist sentiments, the popular perception of communism as a foreign imposition driving the repatriation of the state in favour of the nation. Twenty years after the break-up of the Eastern Bloc, however, the strengthening of regions as political and cultural entities threatens the unequivocal status of the nation-state as the origin of cultural and ethnic identities. The research proposed examines this recent development, and seeks to understand the relationship between regional identity, European Union cultural policy and new models of 'entrepreneurial' citizenship in the borderlands of the Silesian Beskids, Southern Poland. The overall objective is to document and understand how the model of 'entrepreneurial' citizenship is actively appropriated and put into practice in the making of local and regional identities. This work focuses on three major areas of enquiry. The first is the role of 'cultural entrepreneurialism' for the creation of micro-businesses, jobs and cultural policy within the frame of Poland's post-socialist economic restructuring. The second is the importance of European Union cultural policy and its accompanying models of citizenship for the development of regional identities that are supported by such entrepreneurial ventures. Finally, the research questions the ability of such new modes of civic engagement, belonging and identity to challenge to the political, bureaucratic and cultural hegemony of the Polish nation-state. These questions have arisen with the maturation of my current research project Lace and Licentiousness: The Politics of Shared Knowledge, funded by The Nuffield Foundation. The study was originally conceived as an examination of how policies of economic transition influenced innovation, small-scale entrepreneurship and the changing politics of specialist knowledge amongst traditional craft workers (lace makers) in Koniaków, Southern Poland. Long-term fieldwork in the region, however, revealed that entrepreneurialism and European integration are being embraced explicitly as the path to the re-discovery and revival of Highland (Górale) culture, traditions and dialect in the Silesian Beskids. At the same time, cultural funding from supra-national organizations is being sought for activities that strengthen ethnic and cultural ties with Górale groups across the border in the Slovak and Czech Republics. One example that highlights this process is the resurrection of the territory of the Austro-Hungarian Dukedom of Cieszyn Silesia as a 'Euroregion' in 1999. These measures have emphasized the cultural and historical integrity of regional identity, while creating conceptual links between the old, multi-ethnic political formation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the European Union. Using contemporary bureaucracy, Górale groups are re-imagining and re-instating historical territories, borders, and ethnic and linguistic communities. Together, these developments present alternative models of citizenship, civic engagement and belonging that all challenge the political, bureaucratic and cultural hegemony of the nation-state. The planned six months of field research and archival work will already be completed by the proposed start date. The Fellowship is thus being sought primarily for the purposes of analysis, writing up and dissemination of the research, as well as the development of scholarly debate surrounding the issues in the form of a themed seminar hosted by the School of Interdisciplinary Areas Studies, University of Oxford.