After Globalization: Literature, Technology, National Identity

当前信息时代的文学往往与仓促庆祝一个超越国界的完全参与的在线社区有关，或者与对数字文化的后国家和全球化后果的世界末日的宣告联系在一起。虽然关于技术和文本之间长期联系的批评和理论工作现在正在积聚势头，但很少有人关注文学小说，这些小说拒绝将数字时代视为乌托邦的实现，或者拒绝将数字时代视为文化秩序在末期衰落的最后一次震动。《全球化之后：文学、技术、民族认同》将识别和探索当代小说，这些小说提供了一种不同的感觉，反映了随着最新技术的发展，全球文化的不确定和焦虑状态。考察20世纪90年代和21世纪头10年的文本，这个图书项目将辩称，关于技术和全球化的替代想法正在出现，挑战世界社区和后国家分散的想法。这些小说不同于早期对全球文化的叙述(在混杂的跨境运动面前宣布民族文化的崩溃)，暴露并反思了最近在面对技术的跨国影响时重塑和重新确立国家主权的努力。受最近关于技术和文化的理论工作的启发，《全球化后》将考察新技术如何导致民族国家试图维持主权权威，以及它们如何促进全球文化的出现。虽然广泛支持为全球化的某些回应提供了指导的国际主义伦理，但它将考虑数字文化的跨国影响的早期观念现在如何在社会和文化理论中被一种新的国家全球主义观念所取代。这项研究的理论坐标将由齐格蒙特·鲍曼、约猜·本克勒、曼努埃尔·卡斯特尔斯、吉勒斯·德勒兹、雅克·德里达、弗朗西斯·福山、马克·汉森、N·凯瑟琳·海尔斯、弗里德里希·基特勒、劳伦斯·莱西格、雪莉·特克尔、保罗·维里里奥和麦肯齐·沃克等人提供。这项研究将描绘出文学文本通过各种技术形式、手段和结构重塑民族性的一些复杂和动态的方式。首先，它将调查和质疑上世纪90年代流行的全球网民概念，Indra Sinha 1999年的小说《网络吉普赛人》(The Cybergypsies)提供了一种小说式的感觉，即国家归属感如何被视为越来越多地被网络和虚拟社区取代。然后，该项目将考虑最近的小说(如玛格丽特·阿特伍德2003年的小说《羚羊与克雷克》和保罗·弗霍文1997年的电影版本《星际飞船士兵》)如何经常将身体、主体性和认知的生物技术改造与新的、后国家的社交形式联系在一起。它将考虑密码学在追求国家安全方面的作用，以及信息档案和数据避风港的跨国地位--这些问题一直困扰着尼尔·斯蒂芬森1999年的小说《密码图标》。该项目将探讨在过去十年中为应对技术移民和网络犯罪而重塑国际法的情况，这种背景构成了哈里·昆兹鲁将黑客行为(在其2004年的《传输》中)描绘为一种无法识别的政治干预形式的背景，这种政治干预扰乱了国家和国际立法运作的结构。最后，《全球化之后》将考察文本(萨尔瓦多·普拉塞尼亚2005年的《纸上的人》、马克·Z·丹涅列夫斯基2006年的《唯一的革命》和赖夫·拉尔森2009年的《T.S.斯皮韦的书信精选》)，这些文本不仅质疑电子文学对纸质小说的克服，而且还记录了地域位置和民族文化在全球化的当下的持久性。

The literature of the current information age is often associated either with the hasty celebration of a fully participatory online community that transcends national borders or with apocalyptic pronouncements on digital culture's postnational and globalizing consequences. While critical and theoretical work on the long-standing bond between technology and textuality is now gathering momentum, attention is only rarely given to literary fictions which refuse to see the digital age either as utopia achieved or as the last convulsion of a cultural order in terminal decline.'After Globalization: Literature, Technology, National Identity' will identify and explore contemporary fictions which offer an alternative sense of the uncertain and anxious status of global culture in the wake of recent technologies. Examining texts of the 1990s and 2000s, this book project will argue that alternative ideas about technology and globalization are emerging to challenge ideas of worldwide community and postnational dispersion. Pointing to a shift away from early narratives of global culture (which declare the collapse of national cultures in the face of hybridizing transborder movements), these fictions expose and reflect on recent efforts to reinvent and reassert national sovereignty in the face of technology's transnational effects. Informed by recent theoretical work on technology and culture, 'After Globalization' will examine how new technologies have resulted in nation-states' attempts to maintain sovereign authority as much as they have facilitated the emergence of global culture. While broadly supportive of the internationalist ethic that has informed certain responses to globalization, it will consider how the early sense of digital culture's transnational effects is now being supplanted in social and cultural theory by a new sense of national globalism. This research's theoretical co-ordinates will be provided by, among others, Zygmunt Bauman, Yochai Benkler, Manuel Castells, Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Derrida, Francis Fukuyama, Mark Hansen, N. Katherine Hayles, Friedrich Kittler, Lawrence Lessig, Sherry Turkle, Paul Virilio, and McKenzie Wark. This study will map some of the complex and dynamic ways in which literary texts figure the reshaping of nationality by various technological forms, devices, and structures. Initially, it will survey and question notions of global 'netizenship' that became popular in the 1990s, with Indra Sinha's 1999 novel 'The Cybergypsies' providing a novelistic sense of how national belonging was seen to be increasingly displaced onto networked and virtual communities. The project will then consider the ways in which recent fictions (such as Margaret Atwood's 2003 novel 'Oryx and Crake' and Paul Verhoeven's 1997 film version of 'Starship Troopers') have often associated the biotechnological transformation of the body, subjectivity and cognition with the emergence of new, postnational, forms of sociality. It will consider the role of cryptology in the pursuit of national security, and on the transnational status of information archives and data havens - issues which preoccupy Neal Stephenson's 1999 novel 'Cryptonomicon'. This project will explore the reshaping of international law during the last decade in response to technomigration and cybercriminality, a context that forms the backdrop to Hari Kunzru's imaging of hacking (in his 2004 'Transmission') as an unidentifiable form of political intervention that interrupts the structures through which national and international legislation operate. Finally, 'After Globalization' will examine texts (Salvador Plascenia's 2005 'The People of Paper', Mark Z. Danielewski's 2006 'Only Revolutions', and Reif Larson's 2009 'The Selected Letters of T.S. Spivet') which not only question the overcoming of the print novel by electronic literature, but also document the persistence of territorial location and national cultures in the globalized present.