Undesirable and unreturnable? Policy challenges around excluded asylum-seekers and migrants suspected of serious criminality but who cannot be removed

1. 该项目汇集了一个由学者、决策者和政策机构组成的网络，以激发新的跨界辩论，讨论被排除在外的寻求庇护者和其他涉嫌严重犯罪但无法被驱逐的移徙者对国家和国际公共政策构成的挑战。在驱逐涉嫌或被判犯有严重罪行的移徙者方面遇到的障碍对国家和国际领域的公共政策构成越来越大的挑战。这些障碍可以是“实际的”，例如缺乏将人送回原籍国的手段，也可以是“合法的”，因为人权标准不允许遣返。然而，尽管这类案件的数量相对较少，但它们往往引起公众的极大兴趣，因为它们对国家移民控制、庇护制度的完整性、人权在当代社会中的作用以及将犯有严重罪行的人绳之以法等问题产生了真正的关切。3. 这个网络项目分析和讨论了欧洲、北美和南美的问题。需要解决的影响深远的问题包括：-在一系列受影响最严重的国家中，问题的规模和关键特征以及政策对策是什么？-这些案件是否代表国际法出现了“基本制度错误”（van Wijk），还是仅仅是适用法律的实际问题？-应如何平衡“国际保护”的人道主义问题与消除有罪不罚现象的国际刑法要求？-法律能否对这些人所处的“法律边缘地带”作出回应，并以某种方式解决他们的处境？还需要其他工具吗？-这种情况对难民法和人权法的更广泛合法性有什么影响？这些更广泛的背景应该如何为寻找解决方案提供信息？-未来应如何制订与这个问题有关的政策？在这个问题上，连贯一致的政策应该是什么样的？这个多学科项目通过促进相关领域的研究和辩论，就其核心主题进行思想交流。它主要通过由学者、政策制定者和更广泛的政策机构组成的利益相关者小组运作。它通过一系列活动进一步促进这一领域知识的共同生产，例如以下拟议的会议和讲习班：- 2015年阿姆斯特丹讲习班。- 2015年难民研究网络主持在线讨论。- 2016年伦敦会议与利益相关者和其他学者和从业者。- 2015网络报告启动小组与学者和从业者在伦敦，阿姆斯特丹和布鲁塞尔。通过有针对性的后续活动，让不同的受益者和“用户”利益相关者参与这些活动，将确保进一步的实际和学术影响。该项目旨在“通过人民”产生中长期影响，以解决这些案件带来的安全和司法挑战：-促进审查、制定和改进这一领域的国家政策；-协助国际政策机构制定这方面的一贯政策；和-帮助促进关于该主题的知情公众辩论。该项目还将通过促进国际学术合作和学术实践者伙伴关系以及提高英国学术研究的国际知名度，在国际领导力和伙伴关系方面产生中长期影响。6. 该项目基于英国难民法倡议和荷兰国际刑事司法中心之间的国际合作。这两个专业学术中心带来的专业知识、联系和网络为网络的成功奠定了基础。

1. This project brings together a network of academics, policy-makers and policy bodies to stimulate new cross-boundary debate on the challenges posed to national and international public policy by excluded asylum-seekers and other migrants who are suspected of serious criminality but cannot be removed.2. Impediments to the expulsion of migrants suspected or convicted of serious criminality pose an increasing challenge for public policy in both the national and international spheres. These obstacles can be 'practical', such as the lack of means to send the person to their country of origin, or 'legal' in nature, as where human rights standards prevent removal. However, even though such cases appear comparatively few in number, they tend to attract significant public interest due to the real concerns that they generate for State migration control, the integrity of the institution of asylum, the role of human rights in contemporary society, and the bringing to justice of perpetrators of serious crimes. 3. This network project analyses and debates the problem in Europe, North America and South America. Among the far-reaching questions to be addressed are: - What are the scale and key characteristics of the problem and policy response in a selective sample of a range of the most-affected States?- Do these cases represent the emergence of a 'fundamental system error' (van Wijk) in international law or merely a practical problem in application of the law?- How should humanitarian issues of 'international protection' be balanced against international criminal law imperatives to counteract impunity?- Can law respond to address the 'legal limbo' in which such persons find themselves and resolve their situation one way or the other? Are other tools required?- What are the implications of this situation for the wider legitimacy of refugee law and human rights law? How should these wider contexts inform the search for a solution?- How should future policy development in relation to this problem take place? What would a coherent and uniform policy on this topic look like?4. This multi-disciplinary project generates an exchange of ideas on its core themes through promoting research and debate in relevant fields. It operates principally through a Stakeholder group of academics, policy-makers and wider policy bodies. It further facilitates the co-production of knowledge in this area through a range of activities, such as the following proposed conferences and workshops:- 2015 Amsterdam Workshop.- 2015 Refugee Research Network moderated online discussion.- 2016 London Conference with Stakeholders and other academics and practitioners. - 2015 Network report launch panels with academics and practitioners in London, Amsterdam and Brussels. Further practical and academic impact will be secured through targeted follow-up activities with different beneficiary and 'user' stakeholders participating in these events.5. The project seeks to generate mid-long term impact 'through people' to address the security and justice challenges that these cases present by:- Facilitating the review, development and improvement of State policies in this area;- Assisting international policy bodies to develop consistent policy in this area; and - Helping to promote an informed public debate on the topic. The project will also yield mid-to-long term impact in terms of international leadership and partnerships by promoting international academic collaboration and academic-practitioner partnerships and by increasing the international visibility of UK academic research. 6. The project is based upon international collaboration between the Refugee Law Initiative in the UK and the Center for International Criminal Justice in the Netherlands. The expertise, contacts and networks brought by these two specialised academic centres underpin the success of the network.