Passions of War: Cross-disiplinary Perspectives on Gender, Sexuality and Conflict

“战争激情”网络将推动从现代早期到第二次世界大战结束的战争、性别和性之间关系的研究。当关于女兵地位的争论（Goldstein, 2003），“军队中的同性恋者”（Belkin and Bateman, 2003; Shilts, 2005; Rimmerman, 2013），以及变性士兵（Snyder, 1999）越来越多地引起学者、政治家、军事领导人和立法者的关注时，一个致力于探索这些争论的历史性的研究网络是及时和必要的。研究网络汇集了欧盟和国际参与者，代表了一系列学科和专业背景，以调查战争对性别建构和性实践的影响，以及这些建构和实践如何反过来限制了战争的发动、调解、感受和理解方式。《网络》的一个显著特征将是根据另类的、新兴的和边缘化的历史，重新审视战争、性别和性行为的标准描述。强调关于性别、性和战争历史的新事实的发现，以及对历史数据解释的创新方法，是该项目跨学科和多学科理论基础的核心。在为期两年的项目期间，参与者将参加一系列为期一天的主题互动研讨会（2个一天+ 1个两天的活动），重点介绍和评估相关的新研究成果。具体而言，讲习班将邀请与会者提出以下问题：-随着时间的推移，与战争有关的性别和性行为的态度是如何以及以何种方式发生变化的？-在过去的不同阶段，对战时非规范性性别认同和性行为的态度是否更宽容？-性别和性的问题如何影响军人和平民身份的问题？-在战争期间，非规范性的性行为和其他形式的性别认同的表达是如何被压抑或激活的？-战争在多大程度上挑战、改变或支持规范的家庭关系、两性之间的友谊和传统的爱情观？这些研讨会的成果将以各种形式发表，包括一本经过编辑的论文集和一本遵循“开放获取”原则的学术期刊的特别版。参与者还将与主要的非学术受益人进行对话，从博物馆专业人员到学校和武装部队成员。项目产生的其他材料，如博客和教学材料，将通过一系列媒体提供给这些受益者，包括网页、海报、播客、网络研讨会和对伦敦和根特主题博物馆展览的贡献。该网络将巩固与以下研究小组和组织的非正式联系：早期现代研究小组（GEMS，根特大学），阿姆斯特丹比较情感和感官研究中心（ACCESS， VU大学），古斯兰博士博物馆（根特）和国家军队博物馆（伦敦）。创造一个支持性的环境，以便在项目结束后继续进行对话，将确保任何额外的产出继续“符合目的”。这将通过开发电子联系人名单和通讯来完成，由莱斯特大学的PI提供便利。该项目具有重要的政策意义，因为正如心理学家保罗·盖德（Paul Gade）在一次讨论学术研究对美国“不问不说”（Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell）法律废除的影响时所评论的那样：“在每个国家取消对同性恋者在本国军队服役禁令的情况下，他们这样做是因为他们的文化对同性恋者变得开放了。”

The 'Passions of War' network will advance research on the relations between war, gender and sexuality from the early modern period to the end of the Second World War. At a time when debates about the status of female soldiers (Goldstein, 2003), 'Gays in the Military' (Belkin and Bateman, 2003; Shilts, 2005; Rimmerman, 2013), and soldiers identifying as trans* (Snyder, 1999) have come increasingly to preoccupy scholars, politicians, military leaders and legislators, a research network dedicated to exploring the historicity of these debates is both timely and necessary.The research Network brings together EU and international participants, representing a range of academic disciplines and professional backgrounds, to investigate the influence of war on constructions of gender and sexual practices, and how these constructions and practices have, in turn, conditioned the ways in which wars are waged, mediated, felt and understood. A distinguishing feature of the Network will be the re-examination of standard accounts of war, gender and sexuality in the light of alternative, emergent and marginalised histories. An emphasis on the discovery of new facts about the history of gender, sexuality and war, as well as on innovative approaches to the interpretation of historical data, is central to the project's cross- and multi-disciplinary rationale.Across the two-year duration of the project, participants will take part in a series of themed day-long interactive workshops (2 x one-day + 1 x two-day events) focussing on the presentation and evaluation of relevant new research findings. Specifically, the workshops will invite participants to ask:- How, and in what ways, have attitudes to gender and sexuality in relation to war changed over time?- Were attitudes to non-normative gender identities and sexual practices during wartime more or less tolerant at different stages in the past?- How do questions of gender and sexuality bear on questions of military and civilian identity?- In what ways are expressions of non-normative sexuality and alternative forms of gender identity repressed or enabled during wartime?- To what extent does war challenge, modify or support normative family relations, friendships between the sexes, and traditional conceptions of love? Outcomes from these workshops will be published as essays and articles in a variety of formats, including an edited book of essays and a special edition of an academic journal adhering to the principles of 'open access'. Participants will also engage in dialogue with key non-academic beneficiaries, ranging from museum professionals to schools and members of the armed services. Additional materials arising from the project, such as blogs and teaching materials, will be made available to these beneficiaries through a range of media, including web pages, posters, podcasts, webinars and contributions to themed museum displays in London and Ghent. The Network will consolidate informal links with the following research groups and organisations: Group for Early Modern Studies (GEMS, Ghent University), Amsterdam Centre for Comparative Emotion and Sensory Studies (ACCESS, VU University), the Museum Dr Guislain (Ghent) and the National Army Museum (London). The creation of a supportive environment to sustain dialogue beyond the life of the project will ensure that any additional outputs continue to be 'fit for purpose'. This will be done through the development of an electronic contact list and newsletter, facilitated by the PI at the University of Leicester.The project has significant policy relevance, because as the psychologist Paul Gade has commented in a discussion of the influence of academic research on the repeal of the US 'Don't Ask Don't Tell' law: "in each case where nations had removed bans on gays and lesbians serving in their country's military, they did so because their culture had become liberalized toward gays and lesbians".