Poetry translation in poet-advisor-poet trios: collaborative, cross-language and creative processes.

听和读翻译的诗歌为观众打开了新的体验世界，给了诗人新的灵感，并创造了诗人和诗歌使用者的国际社区。它消除了文化之间的障碍--在一个日益全球化的世界里至关重要，但也以不同文化之间的误解为标志。而翻译诗歌的创作是文化经济中微不足道但却很重要的一部分。研究专家如何翻译诗歌可以让我们了解这些好处是如何产生的，这反过来又可以改善实践。已有的研究主要集中在诗歌翻译上，译者可以阅读原文，并将其直接翻译成译文。然而，越来越多的诗歌也在合作研讨会上被翻译--但没有系统地研究这些工作是如何运作的。因此，我们的项目旨在通过分析诗人-顾问-诗人三人组(最具代表性的研讨会形式)的工作过程和成果来找出这一点。在这里，诗歌由三个人面对面翻译：写原文的诗人，目标语言诗人(不懂源语言)和语言顾问(懂两种语言)。我们将设立两个为期4天的专家研讨会，来自荷兰的3名诗人和来自英国的3名诗人在3名语言顾问的帮助下，分成3个同步三人小组翻译彼此的诗歌。每个研讨会-一个在鹿特丹诗歌国际(荷兰最大的诗节)，一个在纽卡斯尔大学-结束时将公开朗读诗歌和翻译草稿，并由参与者进行演讲。所有的诗人都是杰出的、出版广泛的诗人(大多数有翻译经验)，所有的语言顾问都是有经验的独唱诗歌翻译。我们将拍摄所有的工作讨论和书面翻译草稿，并在每个工作坊结束后与参与者进行视频访谈。这些视频记录一旦安全存储和转录，将形成我们的原始研究数据。我们将利用他们来描绘一幅丰富的、多维的图景，展示专家诗人-顾问-诗人三人组是如何工作的：他们选择翻译哪些诗歌，他们遇到的翻译挑战以及他们如何解决这些挑战，三人组工作中的人际关系和谈话模式，诗人和顾问试图遵循的原则，以及他们工作的动机。我们还将研究三人组如何解决诗歌翻译的关键问题，例如传达源诗的确切内容和将翻译成诗本身之间的紧张关系，以及译者愿意在多大程度上创造性地改变源诗的意义。发现这一点将增加对合作诗歌翻译的了解，也将增加对诗歌翻译和一般专家翻译过程的了解。我们将通过专著、学术期刊文章和会议论文向学术受众传达这一点。该项目还将使非学术用户受益：讲习班的翻译将把荷兰和英国的诗歌带给新的受众；项目结果将产生良好做法的指导方针，并将激励和指导未来的诗人-顾问-诗人事业。为了实现这一点，诗歌翻译和项目成果将通过阅读活动、诗歌期刊和艺术品、网站、社交媒体和专业翻译协会接触到诗人、翻译人员和诗歌观众。这个跨学科的项目由一位翻译研究学者(纽卡斯尔大学的弗朗西斯·琼斯)和两位诗歌写作学者(纽卡斯尔和罗汉普顿大学的W.N.Herbert和Fiona Sampson)领导，他们都是专门从事诗歌翻译的翻译者和研究人员，并得到了两名研究助理的帮助。我们将与两个项目伙伴(荷兰国际鹿特丹文学和诗歌基金会)以及两个大学研究和公共宣传中心(纽卡斯尔文学艺术中心和罗汉普顿诗歌中心)密切合作。

Hearing and reading translated poetry opens audiences to new worlds of experience, gives poets fresh inspiration, and creates international communities of poets and poetry users. It dissolves barriers between cultures - crucial in a world that is ever more globalised, but also marked by misunderstanding between cultures. And producing translated poetry is a modest but important part of the cultural economy. Researching how experts translate poetry gives understanding of how these benefits come about, which can in turn improve practice. Existing research focuses on poetry translating by solo translators, who can read an original 'source-language' poem and convert it directly into a 'target-language' version. Increasingly, however, poetry is also being translated in collaborative workshops - but no systematic research has been done into how these operate. Hence our project aims to find this out by analysing the working processes and outputs of poet-advisor-poet trios (the most representative workshop format). Here, poems are translated by three people working face-to-face: the poet who wrote the source poem, a target-language poet (who does not know the source language), and a language advisor (who knows both languages).We will set up two 4-day expert workshops, where 3 poets from the Netherlands and 3 poets from the UK, helped by 3 language advisors, will work in 3 simultaneous trios to translate each other's poems. Each workshop - one at Poetry International Rotterdam (the Netherlands' biggest poetry festival), and one at Newcastle University - will end with a public reading of poems and draft translations, and talks by participants. All poets are eminent, widely-published poets (most with translating experience), and all language advisors are experienced solo poetry translators. We will video all working discussions and written translation drafts, and hold videoed interviews with participants after each workshop.These video recordings, once securely stored and transcribed, will form our raw research data. We will use them to draw a rich, multidimensional picture of how expert poet-advisor-poet trios work: what poems they choose to translate, the translation challenges they meet and how they solve them, interpersonal relations and talk patterns within working trios, what principles poets and advisors try to follow, and what motivates their work. We will also examine how trios tackle key poetry-translating issues, such as the tension between conveying a source poem's exact content and making the translation into a poem in its own right, and how far translators are willing to make creative changes to source-poem meaning. Finding this out will increase knowledge of collaborative poetry translation, but also of poetry translation and experts' translation processes in general. We will communicate this to academic audiences via a monograph, academic journal articles and conference papers. The project will also benefit non-academic users: translations from the workshops will bring Dutch and UK poetry to new audiences; and project findings will generate guidelines for good practice, and will inspire and inform future poet-advisor-poet ventures. To enable this, poem translations and project findings will reach poets, translators and poetry audiences via reading events, poetry journals and artwork, websites, social media and professional translation associations. This interdisciplinary project is led by a translation-studies scholar (Francis Jones, Newcastle University) and two poetry-writing scholars (W.N. Herbert and Fiona Sampson, Newcastle and Roehampton University), all specialised in poetry translating as translators and researchers, helped by two Research Associates. We will work closely with two project partners (Dutch Foundation for Literature and Poetry International Rotterdam), and two university research and public-outreach centres (Newcastle Centre for the Literary Arts and Roehampton Poetry Centre).