Legacies of the Roma Genocide in Europe since 1945

该研究网络探索1945年以来欧洲罗姆人种族灭绝的遗产，重点是与罗姆人非政府组织密切合作，调查罗姆人社区遭受迫害的长期后果。罗姆人是欧洲最大的跨国少数民族，但在战后欧洲的研究中忽视了罗姆人的历史。1933至1945年间，德国、其盟友和其他欧洲国家实施的种族政策直接导致至少13万罗姆人和辛提人丧生。然而，人们对战争结束后吉普赛人大屠杀和迫害吉普赛人的影响知之甚少。我们的研究将把吉普赛人纳入关于战后欧洲种族灭绝遗产的更大历史辩论。因此，我们将及时推进一项研究议程，以便今后研究当代欧洲罗姆人的历史和政治。我们还将探讨当前歧视和种族灭绝历史之间的关系。因此，我们将处于独特的地位，既可以挑战当前将罗姆人视为欧洲“问题”的政策辩论，也可以为有关种族灭绝的公共教育倡议提供信息。该网络将历史学家、政策制定者、社区团体和普通公众聚集在一起，探索1945年至今罗姆人种族灭绝对个人、家庭、社会运动和国家的社会、经济和政治后果。在比较和跨国的范围内，我们的研究社区将包括来自东欧和西欧、斯堪的纳维亚半岛、地中海和美国的参与者。这将使我们能够探索共产主义东部以及民主西方和南欧专制政权中罗姆人的战后历史。学术和政策目标都有赖于与罗姆人社区共同进行研究，将他们作为历史主题突出，并为他们提供机会反思和促进与他们有关的历史叙述的产生。通过四个系列的研讨会，我们将创建一个国际研究人员网络、一个网站、研究人员数据库、三个公共活动、收集的论文卷以及未来研究合作的途径。第一期讲习班(将在利物浦举行)将要求与会者思考研究灭绝种族及其与罗姆人和辛提人历史有关的遗产的概念方法。第二期讲习班(曼彻斯特)将询问国家政策(如教育、福利和治安)以及国际组织在移徙和恢复原状等领域的连续性如何影响对种族灭绝的记忆。第三期讲习班(布拉格)探讨了种族灭绝在罗姆人家庭中的影响，借鉴了人种志、文化和活动家关于记忆、创伤和身份认同的观点。最后的研讨会(利物浦)将汇集收集卷的贡献者，集中讨论他们的论文。公众参与是网络的核心部分，我们与罗姆人非政府组织--曼彻斯特罗姆人之声社区利益公司、捷克共和国布尔诺的罗姆人文化博物馆和欧洲罗姆人与旅行者论坛--以及查尔斯大学布拉格的罗姆尼研究系和曼彻斯特大学的MigRom项目进行了合作。我们的公共活动将向感兴趣的公众以及活动家和利益团体发表意见。这一专题的当代相关性提供了一个与宣传团体和政策制定者对话的令人振奋的机会，包括欧洲委员会和欧洲委员会等国际组织，以及罗姆人领导的新的欧洲罗姆人艺术和文化学院。为此，我们将制作一份开放获取的在线简报文件，向广大受众传播我们的调查结果。

This research network explores the legacies of the Roma genocide in Europe since 1945, with a focus on working closely with Roma NGOs to investigate the long-term consequences of persecution among Roma communities. Roma are the largest transnational European minority, but Roma history is neglected in studies of postwar Europe. At least 130,000 Roma and Sinti lost their lives as a direct result of racial policies implemented by Germany, its allies, and other European states between 1933 and 1945. Yet far too little is known about the impact of mass murder and persecution of 'Gypsies' within Romani families after the war was over, and across ensuing generations.Our research will integrate Roma into larger historical debates about the legacies of genocide in postwar Europe. We will thereby advance a timely research agenda for future scholarship on the history and politics of Roma in contemporary Europe. We will also explore the relationship between current discrimination and genocidal histories. We will thus be in a unique position both to challenge current policy debates that frame Roma as a European 'problem' and to inform initiatives for public education on the genocide.The network brings together historians, policy makers, community groups and the general public to explore the social, economic, and political consequences of the Roma genocide for individuals, families, social movements and states from 1945 until the present day. Comparative and transnational in scope, our research community will include participants from eastern and western Europe, Scandinavia, the Mediterranean, and the US. This will enable us to explore the postwar history of Roma in the communist East as well as the democratic West and the authoritarian regimes of southern Europe. Both academic and policy objectives depend on co-production of research with Roma communities, foregrounding them as historical subjects and providing them with an opportunity to reflect on and contribute to the production of historical narratives that concern them. Through a series of four workshops, we will create an international network of researchers, a website, database of researchers, three public events, a collected volume of essays, and pathways to future research collaborations. The first workshop (to be held in Liverpool) will ask participants to reflect on conceptual approaches to studying genocide and its legacies in relation to the history of Roma and Sinti. The second workshop (Manchester) will ask how memories of genocide have been shaped by continuities in state policy (such as education, welfare and policing), as well as in international organizations in fields such as migration and restitution. The third workshop (Prague) explores the impact of genocide within Romani families, drawing on ethnographic, cultural, and activist perspectives on memory, trauma and identity. The final workshop (Liverpool) will bring together contributors to the collected volume for a focused discussion of their papers.Public engagement is a core part of the network, and is shaped by our collaboration with Roma NGOs - the Roma Voices of Manchester community interest company, the Museum of Romani Culture in Brno, Czech Republic, and the European Roma and Travellers Forum - as well as the Romani Studies department at Charles University, Prague and the MigRom project at the University of Manchester. Our public events will speak to interested members of the public, as well as activists and interest groups. The contemporary relevance of this topic presents an exciting opportunity for dialogue with advocacy groups and policy makers, including international organizations such as the Council of Europe and European Commission, and the new Roma-led European Roma Institute for Arts and Culture. To this end, we will produce an open access, online briefing paper to disseminate our findings to a broad audience.