Understanding the role of music and sound in conflict transformation: The Mozambique Case Study

众所周知，音乐创作对社会凝聚力有好处。音乐作为一种社会实践，需要人与人之间的互动、对话、约定和信任。以前关于音乐与冲突的研究突出了音乐的变革力量，并表明这一领域的活动对解决冲突、建设和平与和解具有直接影响。这项研究是与莫桑比克马普托的Mahamba小组一起进行的，旨在对现有实践进行评估，同时引入声音艺术的新策略，以扩大这些实践，并制作出反映声音与冲突之间关系的新的参与性无线电作品。该项目采用多种方法来解决三个研究阶段，重点关注参与式音乐制作的有效性，培训社区领导人的声音艺术方法和策略，以扩大他们的实践，最后共同创作一小时的参与式广播声音作品，通过现场录音和访谈来反映日常生活中嵌入的个人故事和冲突叙述。通过结合社会科学、艺术和人文科学的方法和途径，我们旨在从多个角度解决以冲突为标志的社会中的艺术问题。认识到艺术，更具体地说是声音和音乐的作用的复杂性，导致了一项研究计划的发展，该计划具有高度参与性，并对有关人员产生直接影响。该项目旨在为莫桑比克解决冲突和建设和平作出贡献。这一贡献的重点是在被冲突破坏的社会中提供艺术（特别是音乐和声音艺术）所提供的机会。该项目的活动旨在确定和推广可对福利作出贡献的良好做法。该项目的合作伙伴是爱德华多莫德莱恩大学和莫桑比克马普托的Mahamba集团。Mahamba是一个1995年在马普托成立的音乐和戏剧团体，有6个核心成员，定期进行项目活动。他们用葡萄牙语、英语和特松加语制作节目，并定期在莫桑比克和国外（如南非、丹麦、巴西）进行文化制作。Mahamba与国际非政府组织和当地学校合作，定期举办培训课程，并积极参与公民教育和社会行动。

Music making is known to have benefits for social cohesion. As a social practice, music depends on personal interaction, dialogue, agreement on conventions and trust. Previous work on music and conflict has highlighted the transformative power of music and demonstrated that activity in this area has a direct impact on conflict resolution, peacebuilding and reconciliation. This research is conducted with the Mahamba group in Maputo, Mozambique towards a case study that evaluates existing practices while introducing new strategies from the sonic arts to expand these practices and produce a new participatory radiophonic piece which reflects relationships between sound and conflict. This project employs multiple methodologies to address three research phases which focus on the effectiveness of participatory music making, training of community leaders in sonic arts methods and strategies in order to expand their practice and finally the co-creation of a one-hour participatory sound piece for radio which employs field recordings and interviews to reflect personal stories and narratives of conflict embedded in the everyday. By combining methods and approaches from social sciences, arts and humanities we aim to address the arts in a society marked by conflict from multiple perspectives. A recognition of the complexities of the role of the arts, and more specifically sound and music has led to the development of a research programme which is highly participatory and with direct impact to those involved. The project aims to make a contribution to conflict resolution and peace building in Mozambique. This contribution is focused on the opportunities offered by art provision (specifically music and sonic arts) in societies destroyed by conflict. The project's activities are aimed to identify and promote good practices which can make a contribution to welfare. The project partners are the Eduardo Modlane University, and the Mahamba group in Maputo, Mozambique. Mahamba is a music and theatre group founded in 1995 in Maputo and has 6 core members and with regular project activity. They produce shows in Portuguese, English and Tsonga and have regular cultural production in Mozambique and abroad (e.g. South Africa, Denmark, Brasil). Mahamba runs regular training programmes in association with international NGOs and local schools, and are heavily involved in civic education and social action.