ONTOGENY AND MAINTENANCE OF REGIONAL FAT DISTRIBUTION

肥胖及其随之而来的疾病影响多达25%的 美国成人和儿童人口，并代表 医疗保健方面的不可估量的成本和花在脂肪饮食上的钱 以及其他减肥方法。流行病学研究表明 证明了脂肪在中央(腹部)的分布与 外周(臀肌)池与绝对值一样重要，甚至更重要 肥胖是肥胖相关疾病风险的指标，如 如糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症、心肌梗死和 脑血管疾病。这个实验室和其他地方的研究已经 报道称，成年个体的体型倾向于保持较宽的范围 体重的波动。区域性脂肪组织标本的研究 已经表明，腹部脂肪对 β-肾上腺素能(脂解)刺激，而臀部脂肪明显更多 对α-肾上腺素能(抗脂)刺激有反应，这些 肾上腺素受体状态的地区差异不存在于 青春期前的孩子。由于成人的身体习性会随着时间的推移而存在， 非常需要进一步描述这些进程，这些进程是 参与个体发育和个体体型的维持。 上面提到的区域肾上腺素受体状态的差异将倾向于 倾向于更集中或“男性”类型的脂肪组织分布。这 研究建议检查腹部和臀部皮下脂肪 青春期不同阶段儿童和成人的组织样本 要确定“成人型”区域肾上腺素受体在什么时候 状态差异变得明显，并检查亚细胞机制 它们很可能是这些分歧的调停者。此外, 将收集大量儿童的人体测量数据 以及暴露于产前和产后低血压和高血压状态的成年人 雄激素，以确定是否存在暴露于 雄激素导致脂肪堆积的“印记”，从而影响成人 体型。

Obesity, and its attendant morbidities affect as many as 25% of the adult and pediatric population of the United States and represent incalculable costs in terms of health care and monies spent on fat diets and other means of weight reduction. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the distribution of fat in central (abdominal) versus peripheral (gluteal) depots is as, or more, important than absolute fatness as an indicator of the risk of adiposity-related morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular disease. Studies in this laboratory and elsewhere have reported that the individual adult somatotype tends to persist over wide fluctuations in body weight. Studies of regional adipose tissue samples have shown that abdominal fat is significantly more responsive to beta-adrenergic (lipolytic) stimuli while gluteal fat is strikingly more responsive to alpha-adrenergic (anti-lipolytic) stimuli and that these regional differences in adrenoreceptor status are not present in pre-pubertal children. Since the adult body habitus persist over time, it is highly desirable to further delineate those processes which are involved in the ontogeny and maintenance of the individual somatotype. The regional adrenoreceptor status differences noted above would tend to favor a more central or "male" type adipose tissue distribution. This study proposes to examine abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from children at various pubertal stages and from adults to determine at what point the "adult type" regional adrenoreceptor status differences become evident and to examine subcellular mechanisms which are likely mediators of these differences. In addition, anthropometric data will be collected on a large population of children and adults exposed to pre- and post-natal states of hypo- and hyper- androgenism to determine whether there is a point at which exposure to androgens results in "imprinting" on fat depots which affects the adult somatotype.