Stable Futures: Improving Participation, Life Chances and Outcomes for Children and Young People following Human Trafficking and/or Modern Slavery

贩卖儿童和青年是一个世界性的现象。2000年《巴勒莫议定书》在国际法中定义了人口贩运，在英国，2015年《现代奴隶制法》对“现代奴隶制”进行了定义。在英国，围绕拐卖儿童的法律、政策和实践框架已经建立起来了，有时，竞争的话语并不总是中立或非政治性的（O'Connell-Davidson, 2006）。因此，被贩运和被剥削儿童的照料、支持和保护经历往往受到政治话语的影响，而不是他们的实际需要或经历。研究强调了人口贩运或“现代奴役”如何嵌入到多种形式的剥削中，而不仅仅是历史上对性剥削的关注。然而，“幸存者”的观点经常被排除在政策制定之外，在英国，儿童的见解在反贩运工作中一直缺失。在这种情况下，将年轻人的观点、知识和经验纳入政策和法律的中心，对于确保他们的保护和照顾经验不会被生活在话语、法律和政策之间的空白中至关重要。贝德福德郡大学应用社会研究所（UoB）和每个保护儿童免受贩运（ECPAT UK）的提议旨在从年轻人自己的角度确定哪些照顾和保护的结果是最重要的，以及实现这些结果的途径可能是什么样子的。它旨在与遭受贩运和/或剥削的不同青年群体合作，并使不同的经历、需求和结果更加引人注目。该提案的总体目标是扩大和加强对幸存者主导的年轻人研究的理解，重点是他们的护理和保护需求、短期、中期和长期成果、希望和愿望。主要目标包括利用参与性原则和工具，根据年轻人自己确定的优先事项，共同创建一个以艺术和多媒体为基础的研究项目“年轻人”（n=40）。这将捕捉不同的贩运经验，并通过“主题”研究项目和产出探索保护、恢复、包容和赋权的主题，以参与式和创伤知情的方法和联合国儿童权利公约（1989年）为框架。英国将与年轻人一起设计一个短期、中期或长期积极成果的成果框架。我们将围绕保护、恢复和赋权的过程和结果，以及针对儿童的暴力等其他复杂社会问题的“有效措施”，对学术文献进行国际范围审查，并将让年轻人将研究结果与他们自己的知识和对关怀和支持的看法联系起来。将通过ECPAT的全球网络和其他有关的以儿童为中心的组织分发关于最佳做法和参与被贩运儿童以及在实践中赋予权力的意义的灰色文献的全球呼吁。文献综述、全球呼吁和与年轻人的同行研究将以多种方式使用，包括为政策和实践提供信息。我们还计划影响专业大学课程，并将在贝德福德郡大学的社会工作、警务和社会关怀课程中进行试点，然后再扩展到其他高等教育机构。我们将开发一个由年轻人设计的“稳定的未来：良好的结果”网站，向主要利益相关者通报研究结果，并使他们能够获得项目成果。年轻人的其他产出可能包括基于艺术的播客产出。预期的利益相关者包括立法者、决策者、业务和战略利益相关者、法定服务机构、民间社会、国际组织、学术界和媒体。

The trafficking of children and young people is a worldwide phenomenon. Human trafficking has been defined within international law under the Palermo Protocol 2000 and, within the UK, 'modern slavery' is defined within the Modern Slavery Act 2015. In the UK, legal, policy and practice frameworks around child trafficking have been built up around multiple, and at times, competing discourses which are not always neutral or apolitical (O'Connell-Davidson, 2006). Therefore, trafficked and exploited children's experiences of care, support and protection are often shaped by political discourses rather than by their actual needs or experiences. Research highlights how human trafficking or 'modern slavery' can be embedded in multiple forms of exploitation beyond the historic focus on sexual exploitation. However, the views of 'survivors' are often left out of the formulation of policies and in the UK children's insights have been missing from anti-trafficking work. In this context, bringing young people's views, knowledges and experiences into the centre of policy and law is vital for ensuring their experiences of protection and care are not lived out in the gaps between discourses, laws and policies. This proposal by the Institute of Applied Social Research at the University of Bedfordshire (UoB) and Every Child Protected Against Trafficking (ECPAT UK) seeks to identify which outcomes of care and protection are most important from the perspectives of young people themselves, and what the pathways towards these outcomes might look like. It aims to work with different groups of young people who have experienced trafficking and/or exploitation and bring more visibility to different experiences, needs and outcomes. The overarching aim of this proposal is to extend and enhance understandings of survivor-led research with young people which focusses on their care and protection needs, short-, medium- and long-term outcomes, hopes and aspirations.Key objectives include the use of participatory principles and tools for the co-creation of an arts- and multi-media-based research project young people (n=40), based on priorities identified by young people themselves. This will capture different trafficking experiences and explore themes of protection, recovery, inclusion and empowerment through 'themed' research projects and outputs, framed by a participatory and trauma-informed methodology and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). An outcomes framework for what short-, medium- or long-term positive outcomes might look like in a UK context will be devised with young people. We will carry out an international scoping review of academic literature around processes and outcomes of protection, recovery, and empowerment, and 'what works' across other complex social problems, such as violence against children, and will involve young people in relating the findings to their own knowledge and perspectives of care and support. A global call for grey-literature on best practice and participation with trafficked children and the meaning of empowerment in practice, will be distributed through ECPAT's global network and other relevant child-centred organisations. The literature review, global call and peer-research with young people will be used in multiple ways, including informing policy and practice. We also plan to influence professional university curricula and will pilot in the University of Bedfordshire's social work, policing and social care courses prior to extending to other HE institutions. We will develop a 'Stable Futures: Good Outcomes' website designed by young people to inform key stakeholders of the findings and give them access to project outputs. Other outputs from young people may include podcasts arts-based outputs. Anticipated stakeholders are legislators, policy-makers, operational and strategic stakeholders, statutory services, civil society, international organizations, academics and media.