Gender Wars: East and South

在过去的十年里，全球各地出现了保守派对女性和LGBTQ权利的强烈反对。从俄罗斯到美国，限制女性生育权的努力一直伴随着对(自由)女权主义和非异性恋身份的强烈反对。特别是在中东欧和拉丁美洲，保守的政治和宗教行为者试图遏制关于性别不平等、生殖不公正、性暴力和对LGBTQ社区的歧视的辩论。包括右翼政客、天主教徒和福音派传教士在内的一系列行动者都使用了“性别意识形态”一词，以动员人们支持保守主义和民粹主义议程。在这两个地区，保守派人士将女权主义和男女同性恋、双性恋和变性者权利描绘为国际机构“文化殖民”的结果，以及移民水平上升带来的人口结构变化的结果。他们借用权利的语言，主张禁止堕胎和父母基于宗教价值观教育子女关于性和性行为的权利。在这两个区域的国家，这导致以平等为基础的性教育和性别研究被边缘化，拒绝批准《伊斯坦布尔公约》，拒绝对变性人的自我认同。性别战争：东方和南方是一个跨学科的国际学者和艺术家网络，以跨区域的比较视角关注拉丁美洲和中东欧的性别和性行为。其目的是将学科专业知识、基于地区的知识和当地知识结合在一起，以揭示这些地区内和跨地区的不同机构、宗教和文化历史如何促进当代反弹的发展。现有的学术研究主要集中在“反性别歧视”的政治层面，记录了激进右翼政党在选举中取得的成功，或在右翼保守派领导的国家中对反性别歧视政策的跨国反弹。然而，这留下了重要的文化和历史层面的研究不足。宗教生活、家庭结构以及妇女和男女同性恋、双性恋和变性者权利领域的法律改革的历史性变化在产生当代“反性别歧视”方面发挥了什么作用？各种形式的专制政权和后专制民主化进程的经历如何影响了社会和文化对性别和性行为的看法？在这些地区，新自由主义的影响(例如，劳工法规和社会福利的变化)与“亲家庭”的保守做法有何交集？通过由网络中心(牛津大学、中欧大学、巴伊亚联邦大学、阿姆斯特丹大学、巴西利亚大学、华沙大学)的学者举办的一系列研讨会、圆桌会议和艺术干预，性别战争旨在通过利用网络成员的专业知识、地区知识和当地联系人，记录这两个地区“反性别”运动之间的相似、差异和联系。它将召集人文和社会科学领域的“反性别”运动学者与政治学家对话，以揭露每个地区在历史、社会文化和宗教方面的具体动态，这些动态产生并巩固了保守派对妇女和男女同性恋、双性恋和变性者权利的反弹。最后，它将揭示艺术在批判性地审问和抵制拉丁美洲和中东欧反性别运动中的作用，并将艺术家领导的实践纳入促进、记录和传播跨学科对话的实践中。

The last decade has seen a significant conservative backlash against women's and LGBTQ rights across the globe. From Russia to the United States, attempts to curtail women's reproductive rights have been accompanied by a backlash against (liberal) feminism and non-heterosexual identities. In Central Eastern Europe and Latin America, in particular, conservative political and religious actors have sought to curb debate about gender inequality, reproductive injustice, sexual violence, and discrimination against LGBTQ communities. The term "gender ideology" has been adopted by a range of actors, including right-wing politicians and catholic and evangelical preachers, to mobilise support for conservative and populist agendas. In both regions, conservative actors portray feminism and LGBTQ rights as the outcome of "cultural colonisation" from international bodies and changing demographics from increased levels of migration. Appropriating the language of rights, they advocate a ban on abortion and parents' rights to educate their children about sex and sexuality based on faith-based values. In countries across both regions, this has led, amongst other things, to the marginalization of equality-based sex education and Gender Studies, a the refusal to ratify the Istanbul Convention, and a rejection of self-identification for transgender people.Gender Wars: East and South is an international, interdisciplinary network of scholars and an artist focusing on gender and sexuality across Latin America and Central Eastern Europe in a comparative, cross-regional perspective . Its purpose is to bring together disciplinary expertise, area-based knowledge, and local know-how to shed light on how different institutional, religious, and cultural histories in and across these regions have contributed to the development of the contemporary backlash. Existing scholarship, mostly by political scientists, has mostly focused on the political dimensions of "anti-genderism", documenting the electoral successes of radical right parties, or the transnational backlash against anti-gender discrimination policies in countires with right-wing, conservative leadership. However, this has left significant cultural and historical dimensions understudied. What role have historical changes in religious life, family structures, and legal reforms in the field women's and LGBTQ rights played in generating contemporary "anti-genderisms"? How has the experience of various forms of authoritarian regimes and processes of post-authoritarian democratization influenced social and cultural perceptions of gender and sexuality? How have the effects of neoliberalism (for instance, changes in labour regulations and social welfare) intersected with "pro-family" conservative approaches in these regions?Across a series of workshops, roundtables, and artistic interventions hosted by academics at network hubs (University of Oxford, Central European University, Federal University of Bahia, University of Amsterdam, University of Brasilia, University of Warsaw), Gender Wars aims to document the similarities, differences, and connections between "anti-gender" movements across the two regions by harnessing the specialist, area-based knowledge and local contacts of network members. It will bring scholars of "anti-gender" movements from across the Humanities and Social Sciences in dialogue with political scientists, in order to expose the historically, socio-culturally, and religiously specific dynamics in each region which generate and underpin the conservative backlash against women's and LGBTQ rights. Finally, it will expose the role of art in critically interrogating and resisting anti-gender movements in Latin America and Central Eastern Europe and integrate artist-led practice in the facilitation, recording, and dissemination of inter-disciplinary dialogues.