AGING, SKILL, AND KNOWLEDGE USE

这项研究的长期目标是识别基于知识的 以及与改进相关的基于能力的因素， 健康人有效认知功能的维持和下降 上了年纪的人。第一个拟议的实验试图澄清 先前领域相关知识对成人年龄差异的影响 总结目标中的文本材料中可用的信息 域。建议的实验2、3和4检查与年龄有关的 在“视觉丰富”中搜索目标条目时的技能差异 显示。预计与技能相关的有益影响 将演示有关老年人认知表现的知识 通过对比老年人的视觉搜索表现， 领域特定和领域通用的可视显示格式。成年年龄 领域相关技能对能力降低的影响差异 视觉搜索的需求使用双重任务方法进行评估 (对比实验3和实验5)。预计老年人将会出现 领域通用视觉搜索中的基于容量的限制，而不是 特定于领域的搜索，预计它们将显示较少的 视觉搜索领域特定技能对识别和识别任务的影响 总结目标领域中文本材料的要点。

The long-term objective of this research is to identify the knowledge-based and capacity-based factors which are associated with improvement, maintenance, and decline in effective cognitive functioning in healthy older adults. The first proposed experiment seeks to clarify the nature of the effects of prior domain-related knowledge on adult age differences in summarizing the information available in text materials in the target domain. Proposed experiments 2, 3, and 4 examine age-related and skill-related differences in searching for target items in "visually-rich" displays. It is expected that the beneficial effects of skill-related knowledge on the cognitive performance of older adults will be demonstrated by contrasting the visual search performance of older adults under domain-specific and domain-general visual display formats. Adult age differences in the effects of domain-related skill on reducing the capacity demands of visual search are assessed using a dual-task methodology (comparing Experiments 3 and 5). Older adults are expected to show capacity-based limitations in domain-general visual search but not in domain-specific search, and they are expected to show less transfer of the domain-specific skills of visual search to the task of identifying and summarizing the main points of text materials in the target domain.